The Russian Revolution

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The Russian Revolution

• Karl Marx, Czar Nicholas II, Lenin, Trotsky,
  Stalin

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Think About
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Russia and the world
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Russia
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R.R. Timeline
17th-19th century Largest country in the world
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Tensions Rising

• Diverse Russia

• Peasant Russia
• Serfs
• Landless laborers

• Increasing Population

• Industrialization move to towns

• Decembrist Uprising 1825

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R.R. Timeline
17th-19th century Largest country in the world
1800s tensions rising
1825 Decembrist uprising
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The appeal of Communism in Russia

• mid-1800s capitalism flourished in Europe and
  U.S.

• The average worker suffered

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Workers Unite

• Labor movements on the rise- unions, labor
  strikes, demonstrations
• Communist League asked Karl Marx to create a plan
  to unite the working classes of Europe
• Manifesto of the Communist Party

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R.R. Timeline

• Marx Comm. Manifesto
• Socialist Party split

17th-19th century Largest country in the world
1800s tensions rising
1825 Decembrist uprising
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Tsar Nicholas II

• At the head of the Russian government was the
  Tsar, Nicholas II (reigned 1894-1917). He was an
  absolute ruler. That means that he could appoint
  anyone he liked to be a member of the Government.
  Not a clever man, he was ill-suited to run a
  country as big and important as Russia. Nicholas
  believed that he had been appointed by God to
  rule. He didnt want an elected Parliament to
  help him govern or to advise about new laws And
  those who opposed the Government or tried to
  bring about changes were either imprisoned or
  sent into exile.
• The Russian Revolution David Killingray

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R.R. Timeline

• Marx Comm. Manifesto
• Socialist Party split

17th-19th century Largest country in the world
1800s tensions rising
Tsar Nicholas II 1894-1917
1825 Decembrist uprising
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Extreme Mismanagement

• Wealthy few/ landless many
• Military weakness
• 1904 Russo-Japanese War (Manchuria!)
• 1905 Revolution Bloody Sunday (Jan 1905)
• Exports for money over feeding the hungry

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On the Road to Revolution

• Lenin (1870- 1924)
• Believed in starting revolution, not waiting for
  working or peasant class
• Organized Bolsheviks
• Govt aware of activities, revolutionaries often
  imprisoned or exiled
• Russia weakened by WWI Morale/mutinies/ food
  and fuel low/prices inflated/ no capable
  leadership.

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R.R. Timeline

• Marx Comm. Manifesto
• Socialist Party split

17th-19th century Largest country in the world
1905 revolution Bloody Sunday
1800s tensions rising
Tsar Nicholas II 1894-1917
1825 Decembrist uprising
1914 Russia joins WWI
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Below demonstrators march to demand Nicholas II
turn over control of the government 1917
Above demonstrators are fired at by the military
1917
www.noblesoul.com/orc/ bio/pics1.html
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The February Revolution 1917

• Strikes and food riots in Petrograd
• Soldiers govt. sent to stop demonstrations,
  joined rioters
• Nicholas II ordered Duma dismissed
• Created provisional government instead
• Tsar Nicholas abdicated (gave up throne)

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R.R. Timeline
February Revolution 1917

• Marx Comm. Manifesto
• Socialist Party split

17th-19th century Largest country in the world
1905 revolution Bloody Sunday
1800s tensions rising
Tsar Nicholas II 1894-1917
1825 Decembrist uprising
1914 Russia joins WWI
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Provisional Government

• Moderate revolutionaries
• Win war against Germany
• Hold elections for Duma (parliament)
• Soviets workers groups
• Soldiers deserted and went home
• National groups set up own governments

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The Revolution inside the Revolution

• Lenin and other exiles returned to Russia
• Russia stayed in WWI and Russia was running out
  of food
• Lenin Bread, Peace, and Freedom
• Control of the Soviets Trotsky Red Army

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The changing of the Guard
Kerensky/ provisional govt.
Kornlov/ military general
The Red Guard
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October Revolution 1917

• Lenin, the Red Guard, workers, Bolsheviks, etc.
  seized the government
• Lenin dissolved elections rule by Soviets
• Negotiated costly peace with Germany
• Dissolved banks
• Gave peasants land
• Opposition, called Whites, were weak, divided,
  and disorganized

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R.R. Timeline
February Revolution 1917

• Marx Comm. Manifesto
• Socialist Party split

17th-19th century Largest country in the world
1905 revolution Bloody Sunday
1800s tensions rising
Tsar Nicholas II 1894-1917
1825 Decembrist uprising
1914 Russia joins WWI
October Revolution 1917 Tsar assassinated
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How Lenin held power

• Eventually all land was taken away from private
  owners and owned by the state
• All political and religious groups were banned
• Children were educated to be good Communists
• All newspapers, unions, and Soviets run by
  Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

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Trotsky

• Believed terrorism was a valuable method for
  overcoming counter-revolutionaries
• Had huge part in Communist victory and in running
  the government military head
• 1918 1920 Civil War 15 Million Russians
  died.
• At Lenins death, Stalin and Trotsky struggled
  for power

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R.R. Timeline
1924 Lenin dies Stalin rises to power
February Revolution 1917

• Marx Comm. Manifesto
• Socialist Party split

17th-19th century Largest country in the world
1905 revolution Bloody Sunday
1800s tensions rising
Tsar Nicholas II 1894-1917
1825 Decembrist uprising
1914 Russia joins WWI
October Revolution 1917 Tsar assassinated
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Trotsky ruled by intellectual power, fear and
violence
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Stalin ruled by fear and violence
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Joseph Stalins Russia

• Deported everyone who disagreed
• Secret police used arrests, torture, mass
  executions to maintain dictatorship
• No defense, no written law to follow, no proof of
  guilt required
• No freedom for the average person
• military beauracracy

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Aims of Totalitarianism

• Make people less conscious, more compliant
• Less able to make decisions between true and
  false information
• Unable to draw logical conclusions
• Unable to remember the past
• Unable to act (SEE CHART P. 776)

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Means of Control censorship and propaganda

• Essential methods of controlling the people
• Convinces people they are on the right path
• other people are wrong and foolish

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Works Cited

• Comptons Encyclopedia. Russian Revolution.
  Vol. 20, 372-373 1997.
• Goldston, Robert. The Russian Revolution. Howard
  Sams Co. Inc. Indianapolis, 1966.
• Halliday, E.M. Russia in Revolution. Harper
  Row. New York 1967.
• Killingray, David. The Russian Revolution.
  Greenhaven Press St. Paul, 1980.
• Ross, Stewart. The Russian Revolution. The
  Bookwright Press New York, 1989.