Acids and Bases CA Standard 5e

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Acids and BasesCA Standard 5e
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ACIDS

• COMES FROM THE GREEK WORD FOR
• ACIDUS

SOUR
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PROPERTIES OF ACIDS

• FEELS SQUEAKY
• TASTES SOUR
• CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY
• CORROSIVE

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• ACIDS FORM WHEN HYDROGEN H
• IONS DISSOCIATES INTO WATER.
• 2HCl H2 Cl2

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HCl

-
H
Cl
DISSOCIATES
H

H3O HYDRONIUM IONS
o
H
-
Cl IONS
H
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STRONG ACIDS

• SOME ACIDS PRODUCE MORE H IONS THAN OTHERS. A
  STRONG ACID RELEASES MANY HYDROGEN IONS IN THE
  WATER.

-
HNO3 H NO3
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WEAK ACIDS

• PRODUCE FEW HYDROGEN IONS IN SOLUTIONS.
• WEAK ACIDS DO NOT DISSOCIATE COMPLETELY.

-

CH3COOH H CH3COO
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Uses of Acids

• metals, fertilizers, paper, food, swimming pool
  and fish tank chemicals, plastics, rubber, car
  batteries, and food

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The pH Scale

• The p (power), of H (hydrogen ion) scale
• pH scale is from 0-14
• 0 is strongest acid
• 14 is strongest base
• Neutral solution pH of exactly 7

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PH SCALE
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
INCREASINGLY BASE
NEUTRAL
7
INCREASINGLY ACID
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INDICATOR

• INDICATOR- A COMPOUND THAT CHANGES COLOR AS THE
  CONCENTRATION OF H OR OH- IONS CHANGES

-
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• Litmus paper-indicator of acids and bases
• Acids turn blue litmus red
• Bases turn red litmus blue

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BASES

• BASE
• A SUBSTANCE THAT RELEASES HYDROXIDE IONS INTO A
  SOLUTION.
• OH
• NaOH Na OH

-
-

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HYDROXIDE
Na
WATER
NaOH
-

OH
Na
DISSOCIATES
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STRONG BASES
-

• SOME BASES PRODUCE MORE OH IONS THAN OTHERS.
• METALS IN GROUPS 1 2 OF THE PERIODIC TABLE
  GENERALY PRODUCE STRONG BASES.
• WHEN THE COMPOUND DISOLVES IN WATER, THE IONIC
  BOND IS NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO HOLD THE METAL ION
  AND THE OH TOGETHER.

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PROPERTIES OF BASES

• TASTE BITTER
• FEEL SLIPPERY
• ALSO CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY
• DISOLVES FATS OILS

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Uses of Bases

• soap, household cleaners, cement, mortar,
  plaster, fertilizer, paper, medicine

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REACTIONS BETWEEN ACIDS AND BASES

• THE REACTION BETWEEN ACIDS AND BASES IS CALLED
  NEUTRALIZATION.
• IF THE NUMBER OF H IONS FROM THE ACID EQUALS THE
  NUMBER OF OH IONS FROM THE BASE, NEUTRALIZATION
  WILL BE COMPLETE.

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MIX ACID AND BASE (NEUTRALIZATION)
NaOH
HCl

-

H
Cl
Na
-
OH
DISSOCIATES
Cl
O
H
H
NaCl
Na
H2O
H
Cl
O
H
NaCl
H
OH
H
H
Na
Na
NaCl
O
H2O
H
OH
Cl
H
OH
H2O