Crime

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Crime
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Crime

• Any act that has been labeled as such by those in
  authority, is prohibited by law and is punishable
  by government

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Crime

• Laws divide crimes into categories based on
• Severity of offense
• Age of offender
• Potential punishment
• Jurisdiction

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Crime

• Crime Statistics
• Not as accurate as social scientists would like
• Serve as an indicator of police activity and
  approximate indication of the level of certain
  crimes
• Mistake to interpret these data as an exact
  representation of the incidence of crime

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Crime

• Crime Statistics
• Understanding Crime Statistics
• Reported crime very high in the U.S.
• Public regards crime as major social problem

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Crime

• Crime Statistics
• International Crime Rates
• Violent crimes much more common in U.S than
  Western Europe

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Types of Crime

• Violent Crime
• Property Crime
• Victimless Crime
• White Collar Crime
• Organized Crime

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Violent Crime

• Murder
• Rape
• Robbery
• Aggravated Assault

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Rate of Violent Crimes
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Murder

• The willful (nonnegligent) killing of one human
  being by another.
• Justifiable homicideCertain willful killings
  must be reported as justifiable, or excusable.
  In the UCR Program, justifiable homicide is
  defined as and limited to
• The killing of a felon by a peace officer in the
  line of duty.
• The killing of a felon, during the commission of
  a felony, by a private citizen

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Murder

• An estimated 16,692 persons were murdered
  nationwide in 2005, an increase of 3.4 percent
  from the 2004 figure.
• Murder comprised 1.2 percent of the overall
  estimated number of violent crimes in 2005.
• There were an estimated 5.6 murders per 100,000
  inhabitants.

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Rape

• The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and
  against her will. Assaults and attempts to commit
  rape by force or threat of force are also
  included however, statutory rape (without force)
  and other sex offenses are excluded.

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Rape

• There were an estimated 93,934 forcible rapes
  reported to law enforcement in 2005, a 1.2
  decrease when compared to the 2004 estimate.

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Robbery

• The taking or attempting to take anything of
  value from the care, custody, or control of a
  person or persons by force or threat of force or
  violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.

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Robbery

• By location type, most robberies (44.1 percent)
  were committed on streets or highways.
• Firearms were used in 42.1 percent of reported
  robberies.

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Robbery

• The average dollar value of property stolen per
  robbery offense was 1,230.
• By location type, bank robbery had the highest
  average dollar value taken4,169 per offense.

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Assault

• unlawful attack by one person upon another for
  the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated
  bodily injury.
• this type of assault is usually accompanied by
  the use of a weapon or by other means likely to
  produce death or great bodily harm.

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Assault

• Nationwide, an estimated 862,947 aggravated
  assaults were reported during 2005.
• In 2005, 25.0 percent of aggravated assaults
  involved a physical (hands, fists, etc.)
  confrontation. 21 percent of aggravated assaults
  involved offenders with a firearm

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Property Crime

• Burglary
• Larceny
• Car Theft
• Arson

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Property Crime

• After many years of declining, burglary rates
  have stabilized.
• After many years of declining, theft rates
  reached the lowest level ever recorded in 2005.
• After declining since 1992, motor vehicle theft
  rates leveled off after 2000.

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Victimless Crimes

• Prostitution
• Gambling
• Drug Use
• Vagrancy

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Victimless Crimes

• The estimated number of arrests for drug abuse
  violations for adults has been increasing, while
  the number for juveniles stabilized.

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White Collar Crime

• internet fraud
• credit card fraud
• telemarketing fraud
• election fraud
• insurance fraud
• tax evasion
• insider trading

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White Collar Crime

• illegal acts committed in the course of business
  activities, often by affluent, respectable
  people
• Computer Crime use of high technology to carry
  out illegal activity
• Corporate Crime any act by a corporation that is
  punishable by the government

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White Collar Crime

• The phrase "white-collar crime" was coined in
  1939 during a speech given by Edwin Sutherland to
  the American Sociological Society

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White Collar Crime Prosecutions
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White Collar Crime Prosecutions
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Organized Crime

• Organized Crime
• Work of a group that regulates relations between
  various illegal activities, including the
  smuggling and sale of drugs, prostitution, and
  gambling