Grids and Grid Technologies for Wide-Area Distributed Computing

1
Grids and Grid Technologies for Wide-Area
Distributed Computing

• Mark Baker, Rajkumar Buyya and Domenico Laforenza

2
Agenda

• Overview of Grid
• Concerning issues in Grid
• Components and Services in Grid
• Current Projects and Future
• Grid in Multimedia Applications

3
What is Grid?

• In the last decade, the availability of cheap
  computational resources and high-speed networks
  leads to an opportunity of using distributed
  computers as a single, unified computing
  resources.
• This is known as Grid Computing

4
What is Grid?

• The term Grid is chosen as analogy to power Grid
  that provides consistent and transparent access
  to electricity irrespective to its sources
• A Grid can be viewed as seamless, integrated
  computational and collaborative environment

5
What is Grid?

• Some well-known name of Grid Computing
• Meta Computing
• Scalable Computing
• Global Computing
• Internet Computing
• Peer-to-Peer Computing

6
Construction of Grid

• The four main issues in designing and
  constructing a Grid
• Multiple Administrative Domains and Autonomy
• Heterogeneity
• Scalability
• Dynamicity and Adaptability

7
Construction of Grid

• Multiple Administrative Domains and Autonomy
• A Grid Infrastructure is supposed to be
  geographically distributed
• It is owned by different individuals and
  organizations.
• Heterogeneity
• Computational resources are heterogeneous in
  nature

8
Construction of Grid

• Scalability
• Ranging from a few to million
• Raising a problem of performance degradation as
  population increases
• Dynamicity and Adaptability
• Failure is a rule, not exception
• Services or applications must use resources
  dynamically, effectively and efficiently.

9
Grid Components

• Conceptually, a grid is designed based on four
  layers
• Grid Fabric
• Core Grid Middleware
• User level Middleware
• Applications

10
Grid Components

• Grid Fabric
• It manages the network resources, like computers,
  data storage, routers and input devices etc.
  across the network geographically.
• Core Grid Middleware
• It manages how the network resources co-operating
  together. It provides the services like remote
  process management and QoS etc.

11
Grid Components

• User Level Middleware
• It provides an application development
  environment offering for high-level application.
• Applications

12
Assumptions

• No intervention with existing technologies
• Do not interfere with the existing site
  administration or autonomy.
• Do not compromise existing security of users and
  remote sites
• Do not need to replace the existing network
  protocol, operating system or services. Use
  existing standard
• Use standard, existing protocols and is able to
  interact with the legacy applications

13
Assumptions

• Support reliable and fault tolerant system
• Support for heterogeneity
• Allow computational resources join or leave at
  any time

14
Services of Grid

• Administrative Hierarchy
• This determine how the administrative information
  flows through the Grid
• Communication Services
• This requires to the Grid to support protocol for
  different data transfer, like streaming, group
  communication and QoS etc.

15
Services of Grid

• Information Services
• A major goal is to make all resources accessible
  to any process in the Grid.
• Grid is a dynamic environment
• This services must provide a mechanism for
  registering and obtaining information of the Grid
  structure, resources, services and status

16
Services of Grid

• Naming Services
• This services must provide a uniform name space
  across the complete Grid environment
• Distributed File Systems and Caching
• Same as the Naming Services, this provides a
  uniform name space for retrieving file.
• Support I/O protocols, performance enhancement
  etc.

17
Services of Grid

• Security and Authorization
• This provides a security infrastructure for
  managing and utilizing the Grid resources.
• System Status and Fault Tolerant Services
• Failure is a rule in the Grid, not exception
• This provides a reliable and robust environment

18
Services of Grid

• Resource Management and Scheduling
• This is responsible for scheduling all the
  processes within the Grid to utilizing the
  resources, like processing power, storage etc.
• Programming Tools
• This provides an interface for development
• User Administration and GUI

19
Grid Computing Projects

• Main Initiatives
• Global Grid Forum
• http//www.gridforum.org
• Peer-to-Peer Working Group (P2PWG)
• http//www.p2pwg.org
• Three important technologies in Grid Computing
  nowadays
• Java Technology
• Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
• Distributed Common Object Model (DCOM)

20
Current Projects

• Active Sheets
• Compute Power Market
• DISC World
• GridSim
• Nimrod/G GRACE
• Virtual Lab
• World Wide Grid (WWG)
• More

21
Future

• Grid resources can be used to solve grand
  challenges in a wide scope of fields, like
  physics etc.

22
Grid in Multimedia Applications

• Administrative Hierarchy
• Communication Services
• Information Services
• Naming Services
• Distributed File Systems and Caching
• System Status and Fault Tolerant Services
• Security and Authorization
• Resource Management and Scheduling
• Programming Tools
• User Administration and GUI

23
Grid in Multimedia Applications

• Communication Services
• It is a problem of how a group of clients
  streaming data so as to minimize their costs
  under the current system status
• Distributed File Systems and Caching
• It is a problem of how data are stored in a group
  of clients under the current system status

24
Grid in Multimedia Applications

• System Status and Fault Tolerant Services
• Resource Management and Scheduling
• Information Services
• It is a problem of how to manage the join/leave
  action of clients in the multimedia applications
  in which it changes the system status
• How such changes affect the decision made by the
  previous 2 services

25
Thank you