The Progressive Era

1
Chapter 20

• The Progressive Era

2
The Intellectual Roots of Progressivism

• A Sense of Mastery
• Sources of Progressive Idealism
• The Muckrakers

3
The Many Faces of Progressivism

• The Political Reformers
• The Women Progressive
• Urban Liberalism
• Racism in the Age of Reform

4
Progressivism and National Politics

• Teddy Roosevelt The Making of a Progressive
  President.
• Born in 1858 in New York to wealthy family.
• Attended Harvard
• Spanish-American War Hero
• Vice-president in 1900
• President in 1901.

5
Roosevelt Continued

• Conservation and John Muir.
• Forrest Reserve Act 1891.
• Newlands Reclamation Act.
• Coal Strikers
• Anthracite miners strike in 1902.
• Trusts Elkons Act 1903, Hepburn Railway Act
  1906.

6
The Election of 1908

• Because of a promise that Roosevelt made in 1904
  that if elected he would not seek re-election in
  1908, he had picks William Howard Taft to run
  for the republican as the best man for the job.
• Taft wins the election of 1908 on the strength of
  Roosevelt popularity.

7
Election Continued

• The Republicans met in convention in Chicago and
  nominated Taft for president and James S. Sherman
  for Vice-president.
• The Democrats nominated William Jennings Bryan
  for president and John W. Kern for
  Vice-president.
• Taft 321 and Bryan 162

8
Taft Administration

• What started out as a promising presidency turned
  quickly into a nightmare for Taft
• Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill
• Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy
• Canadian Reciprocity Treaty 1911

9
Election of 1912

• The election of 1912 is unique due to two
  factors
• One the republican party is split into the
  pro-Roosevelt and pro-Taft factions.
• Roosevelt runs with the sole purpose of not
  allowing Taft to win the election.
• Thomas Woodrow Wilson Biography Born in
  Staunton,Virginia 28 Dec. 1856 and will die in
  Washington 3 Feb. 1924.
• He was the 28th President of the United States.

10
Wilson Continued

• He attended Princeton University from 1875-1879,
  graduating in 1879 with a degree in history.
• Admitted to Bar in 1881
• Moved to Atlanta, Georgia 1881-1882
• Attended Johns Hopkins University 1883-87 earned
  a Doctored in Political Science and History.
• 1890-1902 Professor of history and Political
  Science at Princeton.

11
Wilson Continued

• 1902-10 President of Princeton University.
• 1911-1912 Governor of New Jersey.
• 1913-1921 President of the United States.
• Vice-President for Wilson, Thomas R. Marshall.
• The Regular Republicans
• William Howard Taft for president
• James S. Sherman for Vice-President.

12
Election Continued

• The progressive party met in Chicago in August
  and nominated Teddy Roosevelt for president and
  Hiram Johnson for Vice-president. This is the
  party also known as the Bull Moose party.
• Campaign of 1912
• Teddy ran on the idea a attacking Taft for
  splitting the Republican Party.
• Wilson would make a occasional speech.

13
Campaign Continued

• 14 Oct. 1912 Roosevelt shot at point blank range
  in Milwaukee.
• Would be assassin John Chrank taken into custody.
• Both candidates Taft and Wilson suspend their
  campaigns.
• Results of election Wilson 435 electoral votes,
  Roosevelt 88, Taft 8.
• However Wilson had only 41 of popular vote.

14
Taft in Retrospect

• Although Taft lost in election of 1912 in the
  worst defeat of any incumbent president in the
  history of the United States his presidency was
  not all that bad. Here are some accomplishment
  of his presidency
• The Mann-Elkins Act 1910
• Civil Service Reform
• Homestead Act 1909-1912
• Parcel Post

15
Taft Continued

• Postal Savings Bank Act 1910
• 16th Amendment 1913
• After leaving presidency
• Taught law at Yale for eight years.
• Became Chief Justice in 1921
• Died in Washington D.C. 1930

16
Domestic Policy of Wilson

• Underwood Tariff
• Graduated Income Tax
• Banking Federal Reserve Act and Owen-Glass Act.
• Trusts Federal Trade Commission Act 26 Sept.
  1914
• Created 5 member Federal Trade Commission.
• Demanded annual and special reports from corps.
• Investigated activities of persons and corp.

17
Domestic Policy Continued

• Publish reports
• Issue cease and Desist orders
• Clayton Antitrust Act 15 Oct. 1914.
• Supplemented and Strengthened the Sherman
  Antitrust Act.
• Prohibited the following Price discrimination
  tending to create a monopoly.
• Tying Contracts
• Interlocking directorates
• Stockholdings tending to lessen competition.