Title: The Science of Psychology
1The Science of Psychology
2The Scientific Method
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3Descriptive Methods
- Naturalistic Observation
- Observer effect
- Unobtrusive Observation
- Observer bias
- Laboratory Observation
- Case Study
- Survey
- Representative sample
- Courtesy Bias/Social Desirability
4Random Sampling from Population
INFERENCE
POPULATION
SAMPLE
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5Beyond Description
- Prediction
- Relationship between variables
- Correlation (-1.00 to 1.00)
- Direction (-/)
- Strength ( value)
- CORRELATION DOES NOT PROVE CAUSATION!!!
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LO 1.10
- Which of the following correlation coefficients
expresses - the strongest relationship between levels of
stress and - likelihood of cancer?
- -.79
- .60
- .32
- .10
- -.90
7Beyond Prediction
- Control
- Experiment
- Operational definition
- Independent variable (IV)
- Dependent variable (DV)
Definition Aggressive play
IV Violent TV
DV Aggressive play
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8Dealing with Confounding Variables
- Dealing with Confounding Variable
- Experimental group
- Control group
- Random assignment
Exp Group Watch TV
Control Group No TV
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9Random Assignment
LO 1.11 Experimental approach and terms
Experimental Group
Test for Differences
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Control Group
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10Confounding Variables
LO 1.11 Experimental approach and terms
Experimental Group
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Are differences due to manipulation or
confounding variable (mood)?
Control Group
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11No Confounding Variables
LO 1.11 Experimental approach and terms
Experimental Group
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Differences due to manipulation, not an
extraneous variable because mood randomly
determined.
Control Group
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12LO 1.11 Experimental approach and terms
The Experiment
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13Other Confounds with Experiments
- Placebo effect
- Single blind
- Experimenter effect
- Double blind
- Quasiexperimental designs
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