Perceptions

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Interpersonal Communication Perception
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Listening

• the process of receiving, constructing meaning
  from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal
  messages. p. 175

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Perception

• The process of selectively attending to sensory
  information and assigning meaning to it. (pg.
  30)
• Our perception becomes our reality.

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Attend
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Three psychological factors that influence
selection/attending

1. Our needs
2. Our interests
3. Our expectations

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A sensory test of expectations
Paris in the the springtime
Once in a a lifetime
Bird in the the hand
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Attend
Organize
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Organization

• Simplicity--the brain simplifies complex stimuli
  into a commonly recognized form (what we expect
  to perceive)
• Pattern -- the brain organizes information
  according to patterns, sets of characteristics
  that differentiate some things from others.
  (differentiating by forming patterns)

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• i.e. telephone s, SS s, credit card s
  3-4 3-2-4 4-4-4-4

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Attend
Organize
Interpret
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Interpretation
The process of assigning meaning to the
information that has been selected and organized
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Social Perceptionaka Social Cognition
A set of processes by which people perceive
themselves and others.
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Pause Here
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Self-concept
Self-esteem -
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Self-concept - the idea or mental image that we
have about our skills, abilities, knowledge,
competencies, and personality
Self-esteem - our overall evaluation of our
competence and personal worthiness
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Positive Self-Esteem
Perception of having a characteristic
Personal belief that the characteristic is of
positive value Positive self-esteem
-Mruk
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Some Concept Definitions
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1 - Incongruence
The gap between our inaccurate self-perceptions
and reality
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2 - Self-fulfilling Prophecies
Events that happen as the result of being
foretold, expected, or talked about and that
serve to reinforce an individuals self-concept
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Presenting Self
We present our self-image to others through
various roles we enact.
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3 - Role A pattern of learned behaviors that
people use to meet the perceived demands of a
particular context
4 - Working self-concept The specific aspects
of your identity that are activated by the role
you are enacting at a particular time
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5 - Stereotypes
Simplified and standardized conceptions about the
characteristics or expected behavior of members
of an identifiable group
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1.
2. 3.
4.
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6.
7. 8.
9.
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Prejudice
Discrimination
Racism, Sexism, Ageism, Able-ism
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Prejudice a preconceived judgment, belief or
opinion that a person holds without sufficient
grounds ( or - )
Discrimination treating members of one group
differently from members of another in a way that
is unfair or harmful
Racism, Sexism, Ageism, Able-ism belief
that the behaviors or characteristics of one
group are inherently superior to those of another
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Factors that Influence Our Social Perceptions

• Physical characteristics, social behaviors,
  emotional states
• Cultural backgrounds
• Stereotyping
• Who we are and what our experiences have been

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Improving Social Perceptions

• Come in Thursday prepared with a list of how we
  can Improve Social Perceptions.
• HINT Read the textbook.

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Improving Social Perceptions

• Seek more information
• Actively question the accuracy of perceptions
  (avoid mind reading)
• Realize that perceptions change
• Check perceptions verbally
• Realize that perception check is descriptive
  rather than judgmental

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