FLBC

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FLBC

• Formal Language for
• Business Communication

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Using language

• Language can be used only to describe reality
• ?

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Speech acts

• To speak is to act

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Assertives

• An assertive is a speech act,
• whose purpose is to
• convey information from one agent, the speaker,
• to another agent, the hearer
• - the cat is on the mat

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Directives

• A directive is a speech act,
• where the speaker requests
• the hearer to carry out some action
• - Please bring me the salt

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Commissives

• A commissive is a speech act,
• whose purpose is to
• commit the speaker to carry out some action
• - I promise to clean the floor

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Declaratives

• A declarative is a speech act,
• where the speaker
• brings about some state of affairs
• - I hereby pronounce you husband and wife

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Expressives

• An expressive is a speech act,
• whose purpose is to
• express the speakers attitude
• - I like coffee

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Summary of speech act types

• Assertives - describe the world
• Directives - order someone to do something
• Commissives - promise to do something
• Declaratives - change the (social) world
• Expressives - express an attitude

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Act decomposition

• Utterance act
• The physical utterance (speech, body language,)
• Locutionary act
• The meaning of the utterance
• Illocutionary act
• The act performed by the speaker (assertive,
  directive, )
• Perlocutionary act
• The effect on the hearer

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An example
Situation Peter has asked John if he will buy
todays paper Locutionary act John buys
paper Illocutionary act John promised to buy
the paper (commissive) Perlocutionary act Peter
will not buy the paper
OK
Peter
John
Utterance act
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An exercise

• Forbidden fruit is the tastiest
• Explain the difference between illocutionary and
  perlocutionary act

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The F(P) framework

• An illocutionary act consists of the expression
  of the speakers attitude toward some proposition

F(P)
Propositional content
Illocutionary force (assertive,
directive, commissive, declarative, expressive)
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Examples

• Assertive(it is raining)
• Directive(pay me 100)
• Commissive(buy todays paper)
• Directive(declarative(convict the thief))
• Commissive(directive(declarative(convict the
  thief)))

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FLBC notation

• Msg (Speaker, Hearer, IllocForce, PropContent)
• Peter tells John that it is raining
• Tell (Peter, John, assert, it is raining)
• Peter promises John that he will cook the food
• Promise (Peter, John, commissive, cook the food)

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Övning

• lova(pelle, erik, commissive, diska i kväll)
• be(åklagaren, domaren, request,
  uppmana(domaren, vittnet, request,
  besvara frågan))
• förelägga(tjänstemannen, bostadssökanden,
  request, be(bostadssökanden, sambon, request,
  bekräfta(sambon, tjänstemannen, assert,
  sammanbott i fem år)

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Övning

• Uttryck följande i FLBC notation
• Kunden N.N. begär ersättning för nedbränt hus
• Skaderegleraren S.S. bestämmer ersättningsbeloppet
  för N.N.s nedbrunna hus till 1.000.000
• Skaderegleraren S.S. lovar kunden N.N. att be
  inspektören P.P. intyga att N.Ns hus brunnit ned

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Övning

• Kunden N.N. begär ersättning för nedbränt hus
• begäraErsättning(N.N., Försäkringsbolag,
• directive, utbetala för att ersätta nedbränt
  hus)

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Övning

• Skaderegleraren S.S. bestämmer ersättningsbeloppet
  för N.N.s nedbrunna hus till 1.000.000
• bestämmerErsättning(S.S., N.N., declarative,
  ersättningsbeloppet blir 1.000.000)

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Övning

• Skaderegleraren S.S. lovar kunden N.N. att be
  inspektören P.P. intyga att N.Ns hus brunnit ned
• lova(S.S., N.N., commissive,be(S.S., P.P.,
  request,
• intyga(P.P., S.S., assert, N.Ns hus har
  brunnit ned))

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Övning

• Skaderegleraren S.S. ber inspektören P.P. att
  intyga att N.Ns hus brunnit ned
• ber(S.S., P.P., request,
• intyga(P.P., S.S., assert, N.Ns hus har brunnit
  ned))

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Action workflow loop
Request
Negotiation
Acknowledgment
Execution
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Action workflow loop
Sales order
Order accepted
Plant order
Order accepted
Payment
Delivery
Delivery
Acknowledgement
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Interaction diagram
Customer
Plant
Sales
directive(delivery1)
commissive(delivery1)
directive(delivery2)
commissive(delivery2)
delivery2
assertive(delivery2-done)
delivery1
assertive(delivery1-done)
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Ett scenario

• En kund begär skadeersättning. Skaderegleraren
  tar emot denna begäran och meddelar kunden att
  detta kommer att ske. Därefter ber han en
  inspektör att undersöka om kundens uppgifter är
  riktiga. Då detta är gjort beslutar han om
  skadeersättningens storlek och gör utbetalningen,
  som skall bekräftas av kunden.

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Scenariot i ett interaktionsdiagram
Kund
Inspektör
Skadereglerare
directive(betalaErsättning)
commissive(betalaErsättning)
directive(kontrollera)
commissive(kontrollera)
kontrollera
assertive(kontrolleraOK)
declarative(bestämErsättning)
betalaErsättning
assertive(betalaErsättningOK)
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BML diagrams

• A BML diagram is a state diagram where messages
  can be added to the arcs.
• We can use the F(P) framework to describe the
  messages.

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State diagram
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State diagram with messages
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(No Transcript)
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An exercise

• Suggest rules of the forms
• If a diagram contains an XXX message, than it
  must be followed by a YYY message
• If a diagram contains an XXX message than it can
  be followed by a YYY or a WWW message
• Or other rules...
• (XXX, YYY, WWW are illocutionary forces)