Infrastructure and Sustainability: The next big agenda

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Infrastructure and SustainabilityThe next big
agenda

• By
• Peter Newman
• Professor of Sustainability
• Curtin University

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Infrastructure Australia

• Infrastructure Australia Act, 2008. April
• Independent advice to Federal Government and to
  COAG. Advice...
• Policy, regulation and investment options to
  improve infrastructure.
• Will consult widely.

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Infrastructure Australia

• Board of 12 from across Australia, with Sir Rod
  Eddington Chair.
• IA and the Infrastructure Co-ordinator (Michael
  Deegan, ex NSW DGT) will be based in Sydney with
  the Major Cities Unit.
• Part of DITRDLG....

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Infrastructure Australia

• National Infrastructure Audit by Dec 2008.
• Infrastructure Priority List by March 2009.
• National PPP Guidelines by October 2008.
• Building Australia Fund 20 billion.

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IA and Sustainability

• review...project appraisal, planning and
  approvals processes... from DITRDLG Website on
  IA.
• to provide advice on infrastructure policy
  issues arising from climate change. from IA Act.
• Rigour in how priorities are set....

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Political support....

• Sustainability and climate change will be
  important considerations in any IA work.
• Anthony Albanese, Minister for Infrastructure,
  in June at launch of IA.

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What will this mean in practice?
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Political support for cities and public
transport....

• Better public transport is part of the answer
  to soaring petrol prices, Prime Minister Kevin
  Rudd says. Hasn't the time come for some decent
  public transport systems, invested in by the
  national government across our major cities.
• June 6th, 2008, Channel 9.

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Even Wayne Swan....

• There is much much more we need to do for
  energy efficiency and public transport...
• And Greg Hunt...
• ...fixing up the public transport blackspots
  across Australia...
• Lateline July 16th, 2008

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Arctic sea ice extent 1978-2007 in millions of
km2 (National Snow and Ice Data Center
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ETS....

• Will add around 10 c/liter to fuel at 40/T, IEA
  predict 38 to 110.
• Government will refund how will they tell what
  is due to ETS and what is due to peak oil?

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Peak oil?

• A growing number of oil-industry chieftains are
  endorsing an idea long deemed fringe The world
  is approaching a practical limit to the number of
  barrels of crude oil that can be pumped every
  day.
• Russell Gold and Ann Davis
• Wall Street Journal, November 19th, 2007

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Production cycle of an oil field
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• The Hubbert Peak
• Sci Amer 1971

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Long term oil prices
Recent Movements
Era of Cheap Oil
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Demand
Electric Power
Buildings
Industry

Natural Gas
Gasoline
Diesel

Transport
Oil
Jet Fuel
Heating Oil
Petrochemicals
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ABARE's oil price forecasts have proven to be
systematically low
Economists' forecasts published Nov 2005 Prof
Tony Owen, UNSW, now at Curtin 35/barrel
in a couple of years Nobel Economics winner,
Vernon Smith (at UNSW) 15/barrel in the near
future
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Containers tripled in price since 2000 and will
double again if 200/bl.
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Have to reduce 50 by 2050...

• Either by reducing demand due to climate change
  governance....
• Or by supply reductions that are going to happen
  anyway.

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Gas vulnerability
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Sustainability is the next big economic
opportunity...
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Treasure IslandEco-City
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Even the Governator is demanding
sustainability...
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Rizhao Solar City, China
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Power Production as Urban Design
Vastra Hamnen, Malmö
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Beddington Zero-Energy Development, London
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New 6 star building for Macquarie Bank by
Multiplex
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CH2 the first 6 star building Melbourne City
Council,government leadership at its best...

• Carbon neutral, mining the sewer for water
  recycling, healthy natural lighting, local
  materials...

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140 William St, the trend setter in Perth
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We can do it with commercial buildings... But
for settlements we need infrastructure and
planning.
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What do we need to do to be more sustainable and
resilient in our settlements?

• Build transit with PPPs, TOD, POD and GOD...
• Renewables and electric vehicles partnership.
• Eco-villages on the fringe.
• Greening the Greyfields.
• CNG, airships, telepresence...
• Indigenous roads program.

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1. Build transit with PPPs, TOD, POD and GOD
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US car dependent cities dying from the outside
in...

• Wealthy eco-enclaves surrounded by Mad Max
  suburbs
• Highly probable.

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Code Red for outer areas...Sydney
Annual Vehicle Km per Household, 2004
Outer suburbs residents, particularly those away
from rail lines, drive much more than inner
suburbs residents.
2.3 7.6 7.6 10.1 10.1 12.6 12.6
15.0 15.0 18.4 18.4 24.5 24.5 39.0
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Opening of new Southern Railway90 approval
ratings and already paid off
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New Southern Rail....av speed 90 kph max speed
130 kph. Revived rail j to wk 5 to 10 in 10
yrs
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Perth journey to work 2001-2006

• Cars 13 increase
• Public transport 33 (trains 48)
• Walking 41
• Biking 21
• Pop 9
• Sth Rail to
• continue the
• growth 50,000
• per day...

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Next phase for Perth?
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Chatswood in Sydney built new station as part of
a Value Transfer PPP...
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Why cant we generate a PPP for light rail using
value transfer...?
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TOD, POD and GOD...
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Vancouver TODs on Skytrain
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Portland led the way in America
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Orinoco Station first new city in the suburbs
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State Center TOD, PB Placemaking

• People living in TODs have 50 less car use and
  save 20 of their household income due to one
  less car.
• Value retained in down times and good in up
  times.

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Australian Cities all want TODs

• All strategic plans based on
• Sustainability and overcoming car dependence.
• Centres and corridors.
• Transit over highways.
• THIS IS THE INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO CITIES

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Pedestrian Oriented Development
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Jan Gehl the walkability magician...working for
City of Perth and CUSP, Oct 2008
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Velib Paris20,000 bikes at 1450 locations, 370
kms cycle lanes.
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TRAVEL SMART - Creating a more resilient
transport culture....

• Developed from German Werner Brog, applied first
  in Perth, then UK now US.....
• Individualised marketing based on direct
  intervention with householders receiving
  educational materials on alternatives to the car.
• Bikers and bus drivers become eco-coaches...

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Kogarah - Green TOD

• Green Oriented Development

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Water Sensitive Urban Design
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Perth 20 TODs eg Esplanade Station
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New TOD for central Perth... Or is it Dubai.
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Subiaco TOD Better Cities at its best.
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Plan for Mandurah City Centre
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Can we do 50 to 80 by 2050?

• Yes if we do new transit technology, and new land
  use... At the same time.

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Eg building transit can lead to exponential
declines in car use...

• Lifestyles and city form change with it...

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What if Perth could triple its transit?

• Transit going from 640 pass kms per person to
  2000 (2-3/yr) would reduce car use from 13,500
  pass kms per person to 6000.
• 7,500 pass kms lost for gain of 1360 pass kms on
  transit (5 to 1)....56 less car use!
• How does this happen? Transit Leverage. Trip
  chaining, one less car, move house or job land
  use changes.

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Key to transit leverage is space saved...
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Transit (and walking) helps you reclaim urban
spaceFreeways 2,500 per lane/hrBusways
5-8,000 per laneLRT 10-20,000 per laneTrain
50,000 per lane.
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2. Renewables and electric vehicles partnership
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CETO Wave Power
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• PV Solar growing at 40 per year

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• Roof mounted wind systems eg Windpods

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How do you store renewables?
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Link renewables into a Smart Grid and store in
electric vehicles V2G(Li-Ion batteries)
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Renewables competitive now with peak power Two
way flow with electric vehicles provides the
breakthrough for a resilient renewably-powered
grid. Google campus demonstration.... and North
Port Quay.
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Carbon-free development based on renewables,
Smart Grid and electric vehicles.
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4. Eco-villages colonising the fringe.
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Ecovillages can be....

• Built with its own water, power, sewerage
  infrastructure,
• Be relatively self sufficient in economy and
  transport
• Provide the social support in a village context
  many are looking for.
• Eco-villages growing rapidly....

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5. Greening the Greyfields - in middle suburbs...

• 1950s and 60s suburbs in decline
• Retrofitting houses for green technology energy
  efficiency and PV-electric vehicle
• Land assembly to enable new houses such as aged
  and young apartments around transit
• Green infrastructure such as underground power,
  smart grids, water sensitive urban design...
• Better parks and services...

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Transformation of a city
Imagine the Possibilities
Photo Series UrbanAdvantage
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6. CNG, airships, telepresence...
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Telepresence...live HD
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Airships use 1/10th the fuel...

• Good for remote freight and ecotourism

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Natural Gas in Vehicles

• Only option for heavy vehicles CNG buses have
  shown how to do it. Australian technology used to
  convert Mumbai and Chenai buses.
• Australia has 77 of its population on natural
  gas distribution system.
• Can convert biomass to natural gas.
• Leads into Hydrogen economy.

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Diesel-free Pilbara?
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6. Indigenous roads program

• Remote area sustainability needs good roads

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Can normalisation mean Indigenous mgt of roads?
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Bush buses for improved access..?
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Indigenous infrastructure for Indigenous work...
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What do we need?

• Imagination, creativity, innovation...
• Partnerships...