Ecological Environment: An Integrate System of Four Spheres

1
Chapter 4

• Ecological Environment An Integrate
  System of Four Spheres

2
Chapter 4 Ecological Environment

• Content
• 4.1 Biogeochemical Cycles
• 4.2 Energy Flows
• 4.3 Environmental ecosystem

3
4.1 Biogeochemical cycles
4.1.1 Concept

• 1.The four spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere,
  lithosphere, and biosphere) are composed of
  matter in the gaseous, liquid, or solid states.
• 2.Energy is what makes matter move

4
4.1.2 Biogeochemical Cycles

• These cycles of chemical elements through the
  atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and
  biosphere are called biogeochemical cycles

5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
Withdrawal of carbon
CO2 H2O energy CH2O O2
Addition of carbon

• CH2O O2 CO2 H2O energy

9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
4.2 Energy Flows
The two law of thermodynamics

• Energy can not be created or destroyed, but can
  be transformed
• When energy is transformed from one kind to
  another, it is degraded, meaning that the energy
  becomes less capable of doing work

12
4.2 Energy Flows

• Entropy refers to the amount of low-quality
  energy in a system

13
(No Transcript)
14
4.3 Environmental ecosystem

• Global environment in terms of three system
  traits openness, integration, and complexity.
• Openness refers to whether a system is isolated
  from other systems
• Integration refers to the strength of the
  interactions among the parts of the system.
• Complexity is often defined as how many kinds of
  parts a system has .

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)