Instrumental Conditioning pt' 2

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Instrumental Conditioning (pt. 2)

• Thursday, 2/9/06

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Exam 1 Scores

• Mean 50.9
• SD 11.9
• Median 55

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On Tuesday

• Thonrdike
• Law of Effect
• Skinner
• Radical Behaviorist
• Skinner Box
• Difference between instrumental and operant

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Reinforcement Variables That Affect Learning

• Amount of Reinforcement
• In instrumental learning, larger, or
  qualitatively better rewards, typically produce
  better performance (i.e. more learning).
• Assuming that satiation has not occurred.

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• Contrast effects appear when experiences with
  previous rewards influence the effectiveness of
  current rewards.
• Negative contrast
• Positive contrast

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• Drive
• Drive a motivational need or desire for a
  reinforcer that is reduced by obtaining the
  reinforcer.

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Hulls Drive Reduction Theory (1949)

• Response strength (HDK) - I
• H Habit Strength
• D Drive
• K Incentive
• I Inhibition

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• Schedules of Reinforcement
• Fixed-ratio schedule reinforcement after a
  fixed number of responses.
• Generally high response rates
• Ex. Hourly work
• Variable-ratio schedule reinforcement after a
  varied number of responses.
• Relatively constant response rates
• Ex. Gambling

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• Fixed-interval schedule reinforcement after
  fixed interval of time.
• Lower response rates just after reinforcement,
  which then increase as interval nears an end
• Ex. Morphine button at hospital
• Variable-interval schedule reinforcement after
  a varied interval of time.
• Relatively constant response rates
• Ex. Checking e-mail

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• Continuous reinforcement reinforcing each
  instance of a response.
• Partial reinforcement reinforcing only some
  percentage of the responses.

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• Delay of Reinforcement
• In general, immediate reinforcement more
  effectively results in learning than does delayed
  reinforcement.

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• Self-control the ability to delay immediate
  gratification in favor of a better, but delayed
  reward.

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Thats it.

• See you Tuesday.