The Age of Faith

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The Age of Faith
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Problems in the Church

• In the 11th century, Church reformers were most
  distressed about three main issues
• Many village priests married and had families
• Simony Practice of bishops selling positions in
  the Church
• Using the practice of lay investiture, kings
  appointed church bishops

A medieval king investing a bishop with the
symbols of office.
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Reform and Church Organization

• Popes enforced laws against simony and the
  marriage of priests
• Church was restructured to resemble a kingdom,
  with the pope at its head
• Church collected taxes

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Medieval Architecture
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RomanesqueCathedralArchitectural Style

• Rounded Arches.
• Barrel vaults.
• Thick walls.
• Darker, simplistic interiors.
• Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

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RomanesqueFloor Plans
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St. Filibert, France, 10c
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Interior of a Romanesque Cathedral
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The Gothic Cathedral
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Gothic Floor Plans
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Canterbury Cathedral, England
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Gothic CathedralArchitectural Style

• Began in France in the 12c.
• Pointed arches.
• Flying buttresses.
• Stained glass windows.
• Elaborate, ornate interior.
• Taller, more airy ? lots of light.
• Lavish sculpture ? larger-than-life.

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Interior of a Gothic Cathedral
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Interior of a Gothic Cathedral
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St. Etienne, Bourges, late 12c
Flying Buttresses
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Flying Buttress
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Gothic Filigree Closeups
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Chartres Cathedral, Paris
Jamb Figures
Royal Portal
The Pillar People
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Cathedral Gargoyles
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Stained Glass Windows

• For the glory of God.
• For religiousinstructions.

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Notre Dame Cathedral
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Which Interior Is Which?
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Which Cathedral Style Is Which?
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Cathedral of Mont-Saint MichelA Fortress A
Church
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Chauvigny Castle, France, 11c
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Spanish Castle, 14c
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Late Medieval Church Art
Chalice, paten, and straw, mid-13c
Relinquary, late 12c
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Medieval Tapestriesfrom theWorkshops in Flanders
The Lady the Unicorns, 1511
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Illuminated Manuscripts
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Illuminated Manuscripts
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Medieval Embroidery
The Bayeux Tapestry, 11c
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Late Medieval Art
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The Crusades
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Origins of the Crusades

• Series of holy wars launched by Western Christian
  Europe
• Initially launched with the intention of
  regaining the holy land of Jerusalem from
  Muslim control
• Muslim defeat would ensure the security of
  Byzantium from Muslim incursion
• Would also gain control of key trade routes for
  Western Merchants

15th century painting of Pope Urban II at the
Council of Clermont.
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Crusader Routes
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The First and Second Crusades

• Pope Urbans call for the Crusade received strong
  support
• Those who died on Crusade were assured of a place
  in heaven
• Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099
• Land was carved up into four Crusader states
• In 1187, Jerusalem was reclaimed by Muslim leader
  Saladin

A Crusader Knight.
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The Five Crusader States
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Crusader Castle
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The Third Crusade

• Crusade to recapture Jerusalem from the Muslims
• Led by the King of England, Richard the
  Lion-Hearted
• Fought the Muslim forces under the command of
  Saladin
• Truce (1192) Jerusalem would remain under
  Muslim control, but Christian pilgrims could
  freely visit holy places

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Siege of Acre
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The Childrens Crusade
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A Spanish Crusade

• In Spain, Muslims (called Moors) controlled most
  of the country until the 1100s
• The Reconquista Long effort by the Spanish to
  drive the Muslims out of Spain
• Persecuted other non-Christians as well
• Succeeded in 1492

Progress of the Reconquista (7901300).
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The Spanish Inquisition
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The Effects of the Crusades

• Discovery of new goods and expansion of trade
• European contact with Muslims and Byzantines
  during the Crusades brought new interest in
  learning
• Weakened of the power of the Pope
• Weakened the feudal nobility and increased the
  power of kings
• The intolerance and prejudice displayed by
  Christians in the Holy Land left behind a legacy
  of bitterness and hatred