SOCIALIZATION

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SOCIALIZATION

• SOC 101
• Chapter 3

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Society Makes Us Human

• Socialization is the lifelong social experience
  by which individuals develop their human
  potential and learn culture.
• Through human contact we learn to be members of
  our society.

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Effects of Isolation

• Davis research on isolated children
• Case of Anna
• Case of Isabelle
• Genie

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Institutionalized Children

• Skeels and Dye (1939) placed children from an
  orphanage with retarded adults. The children
  gained in IQ while a control group left in the
  orphanage lost IQ points.

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Deprived Animals

• The research of Harry and Margaret Harlow (1962),
  (1965).
• Their major findings
• Infant-mother bonding is due to intimate physical
  contact.
• Effects of short isolation (3 months) were
  reversible.
• Effects of long isolation were not.

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People Need People

• Language and social interaction are essential to
  development of human characteristics.

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How Do We Develop a Self?

• Sociologists argue that the self is socially
  constructed.

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• DEVELOPING PERSONALITY
• THE ID
• BASIC DRIVES
• THE EGO
• EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE BALANCE
• THE SUPEREGO
• CULTURE WITHIN
• MANAGED CONFLICT
• ID AND SUPEREGO ARE IN CONSTANT STATES OF
  CONFLICT, WITH THE EGO BALANCING THE TWO
• REPRESSION
• SOCIETYS CONTROLS OVER US
• SUBLIMATION
• REDIRECTION OF BASIC DRIVES

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George Herbert Mead

• He argues that the self develops only with social
  experience.
• Second, social experience is the exchange of
  symbols.
• Third, to understand intention, you must imagine
  a situation from the others point of view.

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Mead andTaking the Role of the Other

• In play, children learn to take the role of the
  other in 3 stages
• 1. Imitation (0 to 3)
• 2. Play (3 to 6)
• 3. Game

• By taking the role of the other we become self
  aware.
• Self has two parts I and the Me

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Cooleys Looking-Glass Self

• Cooley used this phrase to mean a self image
  based on how we think others see us.

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Agents of Socialization

• People and groups that influence our
  self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors.
• They prepare us to take our place in society.

• The Family is particularly important.

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The School

• Exposes children to greater social diversity and
  introduces them to impersonal performance
  evaluations.

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The Peer Group

• A social group whose members have interests,
  social position, and age in common.
• They free children from adult supervision and
  take on special significance during adolescence.

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The Mass Media

• Mass media are impersonal communications aimed at
  a vast audience.
• Television is particularly important.

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Other Agents of Socialization

• Religion

• Day care
• Sports
• Workplace

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Resocialization

• Diana Kendall The process of learning a new and
  different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors
  from those in ones previous background and
  experience.
• May be voluntary or involuntary.

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Voluntary Resocialization

• Occurs when we assume a new status (such as
  military recruit) of our own free will.

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Involuntary Resocialization

• Occurs against a persons wishes - often in a
  total institution

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Total Institution

• Term coined by Erving Goffman
• Place where people are isolated from the rest of
  society for a period and manipulated by an
  administrative staff.

• Examples - prisons, mental hospitals

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Characteristics of Total Institutions

• Cleavage between inmates staff
• Staff supervise all spheres of daily life
• People stripped of old selves
• Then attempt to reconstruct a more compliant
  person

• Behavior controlled by privilege system
• 1. House rules
• 2. Rewards for obedience
• 3. Punishments for breaking rules

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Adaptations to Total Institutions

• Goffman identifies
• Situational withdrawal
• Intransigent line
• Conversion
• Playing it cool

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Disculturation

• If an inmates stay is long, disculturation may
  occur - that is an untraining which renders the
  person incapable of managing his/her daily life
  on the outside if released.

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Closing Activity

• True or False?
• 1. T F Mead believed that play is crucial
  to the development of the self.
• 2. T F The workplace can be considered an
  agent of socialization.
• 3. T F The Elkhorn campus of Metro
  Community College is a total institution.