GEOLOGY 101

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GEOLOGY 101

• Chapter 5 Patterns in Nature Minerals
• Interlude A Rock Groups

Instructor Professor Matt Fouch Email
fouch101_at_asu.edu Office PSF-540 Phone x5-9292
TA Kara Krelove Email kara.krelove_at_asu.edu Offic
e PSF-209
Course Website http//fouch101.asu.edu
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Note The beginning of this lecture will be a
wrapup of Friday. Please bring your printouts
from Fridays lecture for the first part of
todays.
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Minerals to RocksMajor Rock Groups
IGNEOUS
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
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Lava flow at Volcanoes National Park,
Hawaii
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Igneous Rocks Intrusives and Extrusives
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Intrusive Granite (large crystals)
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Extrusive Basalt (small crystals glass)
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Obsidian - extrusive

• Glassy texture (no defined crystals)

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Pumice - extrusive with vesicles
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From Weathering to Sedimentary Rock
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Genesis of Sedimentary Rocks

• Physical weathering reduction in size
• Chemical weathering change in composition
• Transportation
• Solid particles ... clastics by water, wind, ice
• Ions in solution ... chemical

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How common are sedimentary rocks?
75 of all land surface area!
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Metamorphic Rocks

• Rocks whose original form has changed in the
  solid state due to changes in temperature and/or
  pressure.

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Where does Metamorphism occur?
Regional Metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism
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One Example of Metamorphism Subduction Zones
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Where do we see rocks in nature?

• Outcrops
• Drilling
• Road Cuts
• Stream Beds

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Outcrop
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TheRockCycle
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Plate tectonics and the rock cycle

• The production and destruction of
• rocks is ultimately related to plate
• tectonics.

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Production of Igneous RocksConvergent Plate
Boundaries

• Subduction at convergent plate boundaries causes
  partial melting to form magma and resulting
  igneous rocks.

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Production of Igneous RocksConvergent Plate
Boundaries
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Production of Igneous Rocks Divergent Plate
Boundaries

• Magma rises from the mantle at divergent plate
  boundaries.

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Production of Sedimentary Rocks Divergent Plate
Boundaries

• Subsidence at rifted plate margin allows for the
  deposition, burial, and lithification of
  sediments.

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Production of Sedimentary Rocks Shorelines
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Production of Sedimentary Rocks Plate Interiors

• Plate interiors are dominated by sedimentary
  processes, with some volcanism due to mantle
  hot spots(i.e., Hawaii, Yellowstone)

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Production of Metamorphic Rocks Convergent
Plate Margins
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Production of Metamorphic Rocks Convergent
Plate Margins

• Convergence of plates causes deformation, uplift,
  and regional metamorphism.

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Convergent Margins Himalayas