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GEOLOGY 101

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Title: GEOLOGY 101


1
GEOLOGY 101
  • Today Chapter 19
  • A Hidden Reserve Groundwater

Course Website http//fouch101.asu.edu
2
  • Groundwater!

3
Why bother?
GROUNDWATER
  • Groundwater is
  • drinking water for more 50 of all people
  • 40 of irrigation water
  • important for livestock industry
  • an overused resource resulting in
  • - water shortages
  • - land subsidence
  • - contamination

4
Why bother?
GROUNDWATER
  • Groundwater is
  • typically misunderstood

Underground lakes and rivers are rare Most
underground water exists in spaces between
grains (in pore spaces)
  • geological important erosional agent

5
Porous Sandstone
6
Fractured Shale
7
Groundwater storage movement
GROUND- WATER
Important factors
porosity - percent of the volume of material that
is pore spaces sandstone porous shale less
porous permeability - the ability of a material
to transmit a fluid sandstone permeable
shale - impermeable
8
Wells
  • Wells can supply water - if they intersect the
    water table.
  • Pumping a well at a rate faster than water can
    flow in the aquifer creates a cone of depression.

9
Groundwater Contamination
10
GROUNDWATER
Problems and contamination
  • Saltwater contamination (coastal areas)

11
GROUNDWATER
Problems and contamination
  • Land subsidence
  • The removal of water allows the aquifer sediments
    to compact.
  • Once compacted, the overlying unsaturated zone
    sediments will also drop in elevation.

12
GROUNDWATER
Problems and contamination
  • Subsidence (from pumping out water faster than
    replenishing)

13
GROUNDWATER
Problems and contamination
  • Subsidence (from pumping out water faster than
    replenishing)

Venice, Italy
14
GROUNDWATER
Problems and contamination
  • Groundwater contamination (due to human causes)

15
GROUNDWATER
Problems and contamination
  • Groundwater contamination (due to human causes)

16
GROUNDWATER
Problems and contamination
  • Groundwater contamination (due to human causes)

17
Geologic alterations
GROUNDWATER
  • caverns
  • karst topography
  • sink holes

Limestone, usually formed just below water table
Bedrock shaped (dissolved) by groundwater
Either gradual or abrupt depression in surface
due to dissolved limestone bedrock.
18
Geologic alterations
GROUNDWATER
  • caverns
  • karst topography
  • sink holes

Limestone, usually formed just below water table
Bedrock shaped (dissolved) by groundwater
Either gradual or abrupt depression in surface
due to dissolved limestone bedrock.
19
Geologic alterations
GROUNDWATER
  • caverns
  • karst topography
  • sink holes

Limestone, usually formed just below water table
Bedrock shaped (dissolved) by groundwater
Either gradual or abrupt depression in surface
due to dissolved limestone bedrock.
20
Geologic alterations
GROUNDWATER
  • caverns
  • karst topography
  • sink holes

Limestone, usually formed just below water table
Arecibo Radio-telescope, Puerto Rico
Bedrock shaped (dissolved) by groundwater
Either gradual or abrupt depression in surface
due to dissolved limestone bedrock.
21
Geologic alterations
GROUNDWATER
  • caverns
  • karst topography
  • sink holes

Limestone, usually formed just below water table
Bedrock shaped (dissolved) by groundwater
Either gradual or abrupt depression in surface
due to dissolved limestone bedrock.
22
Geologic alterations
GROUNDWATER
  • caverns
  • karst topography
  • sink holes

Limestone, usually formed just below water table
Bedrock shaped (dissolved) by groundwater
Either gradual or abrupt depression in surface
due to dissolved limestone bedrock.
23
Geologic alterations
GROUNDWATER
  • caverns
  • karst topography
  • sink holes

Limestone, usually formed just below water table
Bedrock shaped (dissolved) by groundwater
Either gradual or abrupt depression in surface
due to dissolved limestone bedrock.
24
Groundwater recharge and discharge takes time
  • The rate of movement of groundwater depends on
    many factors including the flowpath.

25
Springs, hot springs, geysers
GROUNDWATER
Spring
Outflow of ground water from water table
intersecting Earths surface
Marble Canyon AZ
26
Springs, hot springs, geysers
GROUNDWATER
Springs
27
Springs, hot springs, geysers
GROUNDWATER
Desert Oases
28
Springs, hot springs, geysers
GROUNDWATER
Spring w/ water 6-9oC (10-15o F) warmer than mean
annual air temperature
Hot springs
29
Springs, hot springs, geysers
GROUNDWATER
Geysers
Intermittent hot fountains/columns of water
30
Springs, hot springs, geysers
GROUNDWATER
Geysers
Intermittent hot fountains/columns of water
31
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