PowerPoint Presentation MILITARY OPERATIONAL PLANNING Peacekeeping

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C
COMMAND CONTROL COORDINATION COOPERATION
OMMUNICATION
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A HOLISTIC VIEW

• Command
• Control
• Coordination
• Cooperation

C4
Emphasizing the importance of the whole and
the interdependence of its
parts
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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

• 8 Significant aspects of command, control,
  coordination cooperation (C4)
• C4 during mission transition
• Keys to successful C4

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SIGNIFICANT ASPECTSC4

• Good basic communications -
  core of effective C4
• Comprehension Commanders Guidance paramount in
  effective C4
• Leaders play a key role in the C4 process and
  need specific skills
• Typical war fighting coordination mechanisms
  effective in PSO

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SIGNIFICANT ASPECTSC4(continued)

• Essential to identify key communication links
  within all agencies nurture capabilities to use
  them for required purposes at appropriate time
• Well-crafted training can be a C4 enabler
• Positive utilization of the power of media
• Importance of effective briefings

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GOOD BASIC COMMUNICATIONSCORE OF EFFECTIVE C4

• Passage of information is important ensuring
  all recipients understand the message is the
  overriding consideration
• Comprehension key messages essential to avoid
  dire consequences from unnecessary
  misunderstandings
• Effective means of communicating with all parties
  must be established - Audience is diverse own
  forces, parties to the conflict, local
  population, national audience, international
  community, etc.
• Effective communications generates trust

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COMPREHENSION COMMANDERS
GUIDANCEPARAMOUNT IN ACHIEVING EFFECTIVE C4

• Military Commanders concept of operations
  intent must be effectively communicated to
  everyone at all levels
• Communication itself not enough to ensure success
  needs to be effective communication
• Action must be taken to ensure everyone
  understands commanders guidance.
• Commander, HQ staff subordinate leaders all
  play important role in process
• Personal involvement of commander, confirming
  comprehension at all levels is a critical
  component of process

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LEADERS PLAY KEY ROLEIN C4 PROCESSNEED SPECIFIC
SKILLS

• First foremost all leaders need to be good
  communicators
• Leaders must also possess the ability to generate
  understanding
• Leadership at all levels need to be willing to be
  educated by those working with them / for them
• They possess critical knowledge vital to making
  the right decision at the appropriate time
• Must be capable of using subordinates effectively
  if a sound C4 structure is to be generated

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COMMONLY USEDWAR-FIGHTING COORDINATION
MECHANISMSEFFECTIVE IN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS

• Exchanging liaison officers/teams
• Developing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
• Regular formal briefings
• Use of both formal informal communication means
• Have application at civil-military interface too
• Critical military does not attempt to force
  military solutions on their civilian partners
• Military commanders staff should always
  carefully analyze the circumstances found in
  their unique theatre of operations attempt to
  develop mutually acceptable coordination
  cooperation mechanisms with their civilian
  partners

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IDENTIFY KEY COMMUNICATION LINKS TO ALL
AGENCIESNURTURE THE CAPABILITIES TO USE
THEMREQUIRED PURPOSES - APPROPRIATE TIME

• Who is important in theatre?
• Lots of people, wide variety of organizations
  will want to communicate with military commanders
  their principle staff officers
• Only a few keys to effective action within the
  peace support theatre of operation
• Essential they are quickly identified and good
  professional working relationship developed ASAP
  do not have to be friends

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IDENTIFY KEY COMMUNICATION LINKS TO ALL
AGENCIESNURTURE THE CAPABILITIES TO USE
THEMREQUIRED PURPOSES - APPROPRIATE TIME

• Are there other key points of contact?
• In UN, lead-nation TCNs are key contacts with
  decision making authority
• May need to reach quickly in critical situations
• Vital identified ahead of time
• Clear communications link established for future
  use if an emergency situation develops which
  would involve them

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WELL-CRAFTED TRAININGC4 ENABLER

• Introduce key C4 issues early in training program
• Comprehension all aspects UN mission, specific
  military tasks SOPs should be key training
  objective
• Training to ensure comprehension ROE Use of
  Force issues can enhance effectiveness of
  military component initially throughout
  mission
• Cultural sensitivity / awareness can be developed
  in training sessions before an operation
• Involvement of Force Commander essential to
  achieve C4 training success

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COORDINATION COOPERATIONCIVILIAN MILITARY
INTERFACE

• Recognizing diplomatic other civilian efforts
  may be as important if not more important than
  military effort in achieving overall mission
  success
• Developing a mutual understanding of legitimate
  tasks, capabilities and limitations of all
  partners involved is an essential process
• Realizing some support to civil components can be
  major force multiplier achieving primary military
  objectives

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COORDINATION COOPERATIONCIVILIAN MILITARY
INTERFACE(continued)

• Understanding military commanders will need to
  make informed decisions on all civil-military
  matters if military are to be effective
  contributors to overall mission success
• Comprehending mission will probably not be able
  to accomplish all mandated military civilian
  tasks in desired time frame
• Establishing priorities for appropriate military
  involvement in civilian-led activities will be a
  key process

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POSITIVE UTILIZATIONPOWER OF MEDIA

• One of the most powerful communication tools
  available for use in a peace support operation
• Not a peacekeeping partner
• Always a player - at critical times
• Can have significant impact on ultimate success
  or failure of PSOs
• Military commanders and spokespersons must
  develop the skills necessary to use power of
  press in a positive manner making them a force
  multiplier in peace operations

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THE IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE BRIEFINGS

• Invaluable developing understanding not only
  within a multi-national force but also with the
  people and organizations surrounding it
• Good means of educating both subordinates and
  superiors
• Ideal conduit for rational of a decision taken
• More importantly ideal conduit for a decision /
  action to be taken
• Effects of poor briefings on critical issues can
  be catastrophic

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MISSION TRANSITIONCOALITION OF WILLING TO
UN-LEDA CRITICAL C4 PERIOD

• Suitable C4 arrangements associated
  communication mechanisms need to be established
  early
• Continuous coordination new force, multinational
  force in place, UN nations involved is
  essential
• Re-evaluation need for Chapter VI or VII mandate
  is a critical factor
• Changes to Use of Force regulations must be
  carefully considered
• Rules of Engagement issues can be a difficult
  part
• Support arrangements (logistics, finance,
  personnel, etc) will all be different
• Some key multinational force staff should remain
  for a period of time to provide critical
  continuity

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MISSION TRANSITIONCOALITION OF WILLING TO
UN-LEDA CRITICAL C4 PERIOD(continued)

• The multinational force commander should not stay
• C4 relationships are critical to success. In
  UN-led force may be understood differently -
  renegotiate
• Transfer of authority must be carefully managed
• Greater degree of internationalization will occur
  in UN-led force
• Training standards, interoperability,
  communications and language may be problems
• Recce to mission area essential new UN military
  leaders key staff
• Detailed briefings from in-place military leaders
  and staff are essential

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KEYS TO SUCCESSFUL C4 IN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS

• Communicating effectively in its broadest sense
  was clearly the core element in achieving
  effective C4
• In order to communicate effectively the right C4
  mechanisms for the situation at hand need to be
  in place
• Establishing effective C4 in any United Nations
  peace support operation will be dependent on
• Open and continuous dialogue with all parties
• Careful and continuous analysis of the operating
  environment
• Thorough comprehension of the roles and tasks of
  all agencies
• Detailed planning
• Effective training
• Transparency of intent and execution
• Effective leadership at all levels

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Effective C4 is impossible without
SUMMARY
Effective Communicators Effective Communications
C5!
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QUESTIONS
?
Command, Control, Coordination,
CooperationCommunication