Groups

1
Groups

• Britain
• Michael Cheung (Presenter)
• Sharice Washington (Presenter)
• Angelina Gomez (Reader)
• Yvonne Li (Reader)
• Tere-Li Chavez (Facilitator)
• Jay Xu (Recorder)
• United States
• Cheyenne Danner (Presenter)
• May Duong (Reader)
• Daryl Drummer (Presenter)
• Guy Lau (Reader)
• Wilson Liang (Facilitator)
• Peter Lee (Recorder)

• U.S.S.R.
• Kev Demirjian (Facilitator)
• Tania Martinez (Presenter)
• Cadence Peng (Presenter)
• Amy Chen (Reader)
• Eric Jiang (Reader)
• Wayman Leung (Recorder)
• France
• Gabriel Vasquez-Chan (Facilitator)
• Anthony Brown (Reader)
• Joel Lee (Recorder)
• Douglas Martinez (Reader)
• Eddie Whitfield (Presenter)
• Charlene Xu (Presenter)

2
Homework

• How necessary was World War II? Write a one page
  response and be sure to include
• A discussion of appeasement
• The Success of the League of Nations
• An assessment of Allied actions during the
  following events
• Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931
• Italian invasion of Ethiopia
• Japanese invasion of China (Rape of Nanking) 1937
• German invasion of Czechoslovakia (1938)
• German invasion of Poland

3
World War II
The Price of Appeasement
4
League of Nations

• Purpose
• Provide a forum for nations to resolve disputes
• Protect the territorial integrity of member
  nations
• Oversee the process of disarmament
• Membership
• Any country can join but must accept its
  authority
• Countries can withdraw with 2 year notice
• Structure
• General Assembly composed of all Members
• Secretariat
• Creation of a council of members to deal with
  international problems
• Permanent Court of International Justice

5
Invasion of Manchuria 1931

• Japan uses an alleged terrorist attack on a
  railway as a pretext to invade Manchuria.
• China petitions the League to intervene

What Should the League do?
6
Event 1 Invasion of Manchuria

• How do you think your country responded to the
  Invasion of Manchuria?
• Unconditionally supported Japan s invasion
• Proclaimed neutrality ( not supporting either
  side)
• Negotiated an agreement with Japan that allowed
  Japan to take over Manchuria if they promised to
  make no more demands on China
• Voted to impose economic sanctions on Japan
• Opposed Japans invasion but did not threaten to
  declare war on Japan
• Threatened to declare war on Japan if it did not
  evacuate Manchuria

7
Reactions

• Through the League of Nations, most countries
  (except the U.S. and Soviet Russia) condemned
  Japan, citing that there was no evidence that the
  invasion of Manchuria could be considered
  self-defense as the Japanese claimed. The
  United States, not a member of the League, stated
  it would not honor any treaty that threatened
  Chinese sovereignty. The Soviet Union, also not a
  member of the League, gave little reaction and
  stayed out of the affair, although Japanese
  forces in Manchuria were now a possible military
  threat to the U.S.S.R.

8
Italy Invades Ethiopia 1936

• Mussolini wishing to restore Italys honor seeks
  to invade Ethiopia
• Italian troops use Poison Gas on Ethiopian troops
  and villages

What Should the League do?
9
Event 2 Italy invades Ethiopia

• How do you think your country responded to the
  invasion of Ethiopia?
• Unconditionally supported Italys invasion
• Proclaimed neutrality ( not supporting either
  side)
• Negotiated an agreement with Italy that allowed
  it to take over Ethiopia in return for their
  support in helping to contain Germany.
• Voted to impose economic sanctions
• Opposed Italys invasion but did not threaten to
  declare war on Italy.
• Threatened to declare war on Italy if it did not
  evacuate Ethiopia

10
Reactions

• The League responded slowly to this event. Behind
  the scenes, countries were attempting to maintain
  alliances with Italy to stem German aggression.
  The League eventually imposed sanctions but these
  were uneven and did not affect important
  resources like oil.

11
The China Incident 1937

• Japan invades China
• Japanese forces commit outrageous atrocities on
  the population of the Chinese city of Nanjing.

What Should the League do?
12
Event 3 Invasion of China

• How do you think your country responded to the
  Invasion of China?
• Unconditionally supported Japan s invasion
• Proclaimed neutrality ( not supporting either
  side)
• Negotiated an agreement with Japan that allowed
  Japan to take over Manchuria if they promised to
  make no more demands on China
• Opposed Japans invasion but did not threaten to
  declare war on Japan
• Threatened to declare war on Japan did not
  evacuate Manchuria

13
Reactions

• By this time, Japan had pulled out of the League
  of Nations. The League held many meetings with
  the U.S. and eventually the Soviet Union as
  observers. Ultimately there was no international
  reaction and Japan continued its aggressive
  military policies.

14
Crisis in Czechoslovakia 1938

• Hitler demands the return of former German
  territory, the Sudatenland in Czechoslovakia
• Cites discrimination against ethnic Germans
• Promises peace if his conditions are met

What Should the League do?
15
Event 4 The Czechoslovakia Crisis

• How do you think your country responded to the
  Czechoslovakia Crisis?
• Unconditionally supported Germanys demands
• Proclaimed neutrality ( not supporting either
  side)
• Negotiated an agreement with Hitler that allowed
  Germany to take the Sudetenland if he promised to
  make no more demands on Czechoslovakia
• Opposed Germanys demands but did not threaten to
  declare war on Germany if it tried to take the
  Sudetenland
• Voted to impose economic sanctions
• Threatened to declare war on Germany if it tried
  to take the Sudetenland

16
Reactions

• The League of Nations did nothing to stop these
  events. Britain and France, eager to avoid war at
  all costs tried to negotiate with Hitler. At the
  Munich Conference in September of 1938, France,
  Britain, Italy, and Germany met to resolve the
  situation. Hitler won and annexed the
  Sudetenland. The U.S.S.R. agreed to offer
  military support if Germany attempted any further
  territorial gains in Czechoslovakia. The U.S. did
  not act.

17
Germany invades Czechoslovakia 1939

• Germany makes unreasonable demands on Czech
  government.
• Czechs refuse
• German troops march into Czechoslovakia in March
  1938

What Should the League do?
18
Event 5 The Violation of the Munich Pact

• How do you think your country responded to the
  violation of the Munich Pact?
• Supported Germanys annexation of Czechoslovakia
• Declared war on Germany for breaking the Munich
  Pact
• Continued to rely on appeasement, hoping that
  Germany had finished its territorial aggression
• Attempted to negotiate with Germany to pull out
  of Czechoslovakia
• Proclaimed neutrality
• Proclaimed neutrality, but prepared for a
  defensive war in case of invasion

19
Germany Threatens Poland 1939

• Hitler demands access to German territory of
  Prussia through the Polish Corridor
• Threatens to invade if permission is not granted

What Should the League do?
20
Event 6 German Demands on Poland

• How do you think your country responded to the
  German demands on Poland?
• Proclaimed neutrality
• Proclaimed neutrality, but prepared for a
  defensive war in case of invasion.
• Provided financial assistance to the Allies (all
  countries fighting against Germany and its
  allies, called the Axis powers)
• Joined Germany in its invasion of Poland
• Declared war on Germany, and hoped Germany would
  retreat from Poland, but did not actually fight
• Declared war on Germany and sent troops to fight
  the Germans

21
Reactions

• Britain and France strongly opposed Hitlers of
  Poland. The U.S.S.R. signed a nonaggression pact
  with Germany and the two countries agreed to
  split up the country after Hitlers invasion. The
  U.S. remained uninvolved.

22
Germany Invades Poland 1939

• German forces invade Poland in major Blitzkrieg
  attack
• Hopelessly outmatched Poland falls in four weeks

What Should the League do?
23
Homework

• How necessary was World War II? Write a one page
  response and be sure to include
• A discussion of appeasement
• An assessment of Allied actions during the
  following events
• Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931
• Italian invasion of Ethiopia
• Japanese invasion of China (Rape of Nanking) 1937
• German invasion of Czechoslovakia (1938)
• German invasion of Poland