s u n d i a l

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a-Interferon to Hepatitis B
Lecturer Sun fengkai Team members Qixin
Jiaming Songhaiyang
Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang
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Introduction
Epidemiology of Hepatitis B
Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis
Mechanism of a-IFN in treatment of HBV
Recent Development of Interferon
Outlook of the Interferon
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??Epidemiology of Hepatitis B
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Epidemiology of Hepatitis B

• Hepatitis B is one of the most serious
  diseases in the world . The infection rate of the
  chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) in world is as
  high as 25 percent, about 350 million HBV
  carriers, and the figure is still rising rapidly
  year by year!

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Epidemiology of Hepatitis B

• China is the high infective prevalent
  areas of HBV, there are about 120 million cases
  of chronic HBV infection, including chronic
  hepatitis B (CHB)with 30 million cases. It is
  the main reason for liver cirrhosis and liver
  cancer. 30,000 50,000 deaths cases each year.It
  is of great harm to people's health.

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??Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis
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Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis

• In modern medicine, the pathogenesis of
  chronic hepatitis B(CHB) is related to the
  continuous replication of HBV and immune
  dysfunction in the body.
• The reason of CHB repeated attacks is that
  HBV is a highly various virus, which easily leads
  to a mutation of HBV and is hard to recover.

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Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis
After the HBV invading organism, it first
infects the liver cell, produces the integrity
HBV-DNA and secretes HBcAg, HBsAg and HBeAg.

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Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis
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Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis
HBV does not cause the liver cell damage
directly. It causes damage by immune response of
human body. The viral-antigen in the
blood or on the liver cell membrane may induce
the immune response to attack the infected liver
cells and cause the damage of the liver cells.
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Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis
Cell mediated immune response
damage body
Antibody- mediated hypersensitivity
Autoimmune injury
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??Mechanism of a-IFN in treatment of HBV
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Mechanism of a-Interferon in treatment of HBV
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Mechanism of a-Interferon in treatment of HBV

• 1. IFN-a is the earliest and most widely
  used drug to anti-virus infection. And it is a
  kind of CKs that is used to anti-virus and
  regulate the immunity.

2. Antiviral mechanisms Not act directly on
virus, but induce synthesis of the cellular
antiviral proteins(AVP).
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Mechanism of a-Interferon in treatment of HBV
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2
4
3
IFN combines with specific receptor on cell
surface
signal transduction
induce the activation of AVP gene
transcription of AVP mRNA synthesis of AVP
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Mechanism of a-Interferon in treatment of HBV
HBV
Inhibit HBV replication
HBV replication
AVP
stimulate
Signal transduct
nucleus
nucleus
receptor
IFN-a
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Mechanism of a-Interferon in treatment of HBV

• 3?modify immune responses
• ---- activation of NK cell
• ---- activation of macrophage
• ---- increase expression of MHC
  molecules,regulate IL-1,IL-2,TNF,and enhance
  the proliferation of CTL

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??Recent Development of Interferon
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Recent Development of Interferon
common interferon
Molecule
Smaller
Bigger
Immunogenicity
Stability
Absorb rate
With the addition of PEG to the
interferon, proper concentration can be kept for
a long time, but the affinity to the receptor on
the cells will be decreased.
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Recent Development of Interferon
Later, people find that 12KD PEG is suitable
because its effect to decrease the affinity is
the smallest.
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Recent Development of Interferon

• The peg-interferon is the example. It
  has about 30 renal filtration rate.
• The half-life is forty hours.

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Recent Development of Interferon

• The usage is one injection one week .
• The anti-virus activity is high.

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Recent Development of Interferon

• Another drug is the pegsys.
• Its mechanism is the same as the
  peginterferon but the PEG part is 40KD.

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Recent Development of Interferon

• Because of the bigger part of PEG, pegsys
  have a longer half-life about 80h.
• The protection is better, and the drug
  concentration is more stable.

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??Outlook of the Interferon
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Outlook of the Interferon
Interferon has broad-spectrum antiviral
activity. It is a good drug to rejest virus and
keep heath. Recently, thousands of children
in Fuyang are infected with EV71. By now,there
are 3736 cases.1460 cases have recovered and 22
cases died.
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Outlook of the Interferon
It is a pity that no vaccine can defend it
and no specific drugs can treat this diease.
However, we believe that interferon will play an
indispensible role in the treatment of EV71.
Of course, new methods are still waiting for us
to discover and put in use!
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Outlook of the Interferon
What we should do now is to study hard and
master immunology, which will be very helpful!