Nutrition and food security

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• Nutrition and food security
• some more principles
• Spring 2009

I 613-2-09
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• Energy requirements
• Nutrient types and deficiencies
• Household food security
• Care interventions, feeding practices

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Energy requirements

• Energy needs of population depend on
• Resting metabolic needs (BMR)
• Activity gt 1.5 BMR
• Demographic composition
• ( includes pregnancy and lactation)
• Temperature
• E.g. emergencies 2100 kcals usually around 2200
  kcals see RDAs

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• Energy needs about 2200 kcals/hd/day, averaged
  over popn
• Protein about 10 of energy should be from
  protein.
• CHO 3.5-4.0 kcals/g
• Protein 4.0 kcals/g
• Fat 9.0 kcals/g

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Nutrient types and deficiencies
Type I - reduced tissue concentration and
specific clinical signs Type II - reduced growth
rate and non-specific signs
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Nutrient types and deficiencies
Source M Golden
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Nutrient types and deficiencies
Source M Golden
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• Household food security.
• Except in emergencies (and even then)
  interventions to improve food security are pretty
  much the same as those to reduce poverty.
• Relevant actions
• Macroeconomic adjustment
• Employment policies
• Employment provision
• Agricultural policies
• Cash transfers (maybe conditional)
• Food prices and subsidies, public distribution
• General subsidies
• Targeted
• Rations and quotas
• Food stamps and coupons
• See nutrition-relevant actions
  www.unsystem.org/scn

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• Measure food security and hunger
• FPI/CPI
• Income/exp surveys
• Food cons surveys (incl 24 hr recall)
• Food perception qaires
• Anthropometry ?
• See FIVIMS meeting http//www.fivims.net/documen
  ts/ISS/ISS_e/ISS_exesum.pdf

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Care Interventions
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• Community-based and service delivery
  (facility-based) programs
• Vertical micronutrient programs
• Nutrition in health services and schools
• Contextual and supporting policies.