Resonance with a Donor

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Resonance with a Donor
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Resonance with an Acceptor
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Donors Increase Reaction Rate
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Directing Effects
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Transition state explains regioselectivity
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Ortho and Para Addition Stabilize Cation
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Meta Addition gives least stable Cation
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Resonance with a Donor
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Acceptors force Addition meta
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Meta Addition is most favored
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Resonance with an Acceptor
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Donors by resonance direct Ortho/Para
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Weaker donors make ring less reactive
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Meta Addition not resonance stabilized
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Withdrawing groups deactivate and direct meta
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Meta addition is least unfavorable
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Halogens are weakly deactivating
but Ortho/Para directing
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Meta Substitution is not resonance stabilized
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What about Disubstituted Benzenes
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Choosing the best location for addition
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Converting between Meta and Ortho/Para Directors
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Addition at C1 is favored
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Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cancer
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