Japan

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Japan
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Japan the basics

• Area
• Germany lt Japan lt California
• Population
• 127 million (gt 3 times Californias)
• life expectancy 84 (88 for female)
• 1/4 are 65 or older
• constitutional monarchy

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Japan in history

• Oldest continuous monarchy
• feudal rule under shogun (1192 - 1867)
• U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry
• forced Japan to open to trade (1853)
• Meiji Restoration (1868)
• centralized government under Emperor
• industrialization and trade

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Japan in World War II

• Invasion and annexation of Northeast China
  (Manchuria) (1931-1932)
• full-scale aggression in China (1937-1940)
• alliance with Nazi and fascists (1940)
• Pacific War (1941-1945)
• every country and colony in East and Southeast
  Asia was invaded

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The Occupation

• 1945 - 1952
• Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP) -
  General Douglas MacArthur
• Two main tasks
• demilitarization
• democratization

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Demilitarization

• Purged almost all wartime officers and
  politicians
• Disbanded almost all militaristic associations
  and parties
• Prosecuted almost all war criminals
• The issue of Yasukuni Shrine
• Dismantled almost all war industries

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War Criminals

• Yasukuni Shrine was built in Meiji 2 (1869)
• Japans Pacific War criminals have been worshiped
  in it since 1978
• Strong protests from other Asian countries

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The "Peace Clause"

• Article 9 in the 1947 constitution
• the Japanese people forever renounce war as a
  sovereign right of the nation and the threat or
  use of force as means of settling international
  disputes
• land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war
  potential, will never be maintained

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Korean War (1950 - 1953)

• Economic turning point for Japan
• war supplies to Korea
• industrial resurgence
• foreign currency
• 1945 - 1950 growth rate 9.4
• 1950 - 1955 growth rate 10.9
• 1952 Japans GDP matched prewar high

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Korean War (1950 - 1953)

• Political turning point for Japan
• U.S. started to regard Japan as a vital link in
  the arc of containment against communism
• Demilitarization gave way to reconstituting a
  military force
• Self-Defense Force

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U.S. Strategic Change

• General peace treaty in San Francisco in
  September 1951
• China and Soviet Union were excluded
• formally ended the Occupation in 1952
• U.S.-Japan Mutual Security Treaty
• U.S. troops and military base in Japan

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Arc of Containment
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Japans Economic Growth
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High Growth of 1955-1962

• Large investment in heavy industry
• Imports of energy and raw materials
• Governments economic goals
• achieve economic self-sufficiency
• achieve full employment
• improve export competitiveness
• keep domestic demand high

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High Growth of 1963-1973

• Governments doubling income plan
• Large-scale infrastructure construction
• Labor-intensive to capital-intensive
• Technological improvement and facility
  modernization under government protection
• Aggressive export strategy
• Businesses compete with foreign counterparts
  under government protection

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Bubble burst
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More shocks in 1990s

• Large and rising government deficit and public
  debt (now more than 200 of GDP)
• Aging population (median age now at 46)
• Banking crises and non-performing loans
• Asian financial crisis (1997-1998)
• Hollowing out of industry
• Natural disasters and terrorist attacks

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Japans trade partners 2012
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Japanese Ties to Mississippi

• Japanese foreign direct investment creates more
  jobs in Mississippi than FDI from any other
  country.
• Approximately 9,700 Mississippians are employed
  by Japanese companies.
• More than 650 Japanese citizens live in
  Mississippi.
• Major Japanese corporations across Miss.

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