Artificial Intelligence

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Artificial Intelligence

• By
• David Hunt
• Lee Evans
• Jonathan Moreton
• Rachel Moss

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Introduction

• What is AI?
• Theory behind AI
• The development of AI
• How AI is being used in the identification of
  individuals
• Current Issues
• Conclusion

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What is AI?
2 main branches of AI research Biological Pheno
menal Type of AI Logical Search Pattern
Recognition
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What Makes AI Intelligent?

• Intelligence is the ability to achieve goals in
  the world
• Written in specialist programming languages

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AI In Life And Business

• Computer games, Expert systems, Speech
  recognition
• Deep Blue
• Widely used in businesses to organize operations

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Interoperation of data

• Intelligence is about the interpretation of data
• Turing test thought of in 1950
• Humans remember mental images, machines raw data

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AI vs Humans

• AI Very precise, can cope with high amounts of
  data, needs vast amount of hardware power to
  achieve worthwhile goals
• Human Can react to a situation quickly and
  (usually) efficiently, highly advanced hardware
  capabilities, highly adaptable and self sufficient

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Theoretical concepts behind AI
Computers are unable to recognise shapes and
recall them like the human mind.
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The human mind uses neurons as the basic unit of
memory, and can explain the human minds ability
to recall and recognise people for example.
Neural networks have developed as a result of
research into the human neuron. A neural network
draws from and emulates the structure of the
brain in terms of neurons. These draw from and
emulate the structure of the brain in terms of
neurons. The networks are made to learn from
training sessions and repeat what has been learnt
when given new data.
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The Artificial Neuron

• The Artificial Neuron receives one or more inputs
  and sum them to produce an output.
• The original artificial neuron is the Threshold
  Logic Unit, it is a step function taking on the
  values 1 or 0 only, as required by microprocessor
  technology.

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How AI has developed
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Key Developments in AI

• 1950 ? Alan Turing introduces the Turing test to
  test of a machines capability to perform
  human-like conversation.
• 1958 ? John McCarthy invented the Lisp
  programming language.
• 1972 ? The Prolog programming langauge was
  developed by Alan Golmeraver.
• 1974 ? The first expert system was developed for
  medical diagnosis and therapy.
• 1997 ? The Deep Blue Chess program beats world
  chess champion.

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Recent Developments
After the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks
there has been much interest and funding for
threat-detection. AI systems have potential in
this area and why they are being used in the
identification of individuals.
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How AI is being used in the identification of
Individuals

• Fingerprint recognition algorithms to identify
  and match minutiae (ridge characteristics to
  stored images.
• Facial recognition algorithms to find and
  measure the 14-22 nodal points needed for facial
  recognition.
• Speech recognition algorithms to match your
  speech to recorded data allowing it to understand
  and convert it to data. e.g. text

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How AI is being used in the identification of
Individuals Fingerprint Recognition

• The minutiae are extracted from the image and
  post processed to be easier identify. The ridges
  are then thinned and then the minutiae are
  detected. These are then matched to a database.
  

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In Conclusion

• The field of AI has developed in a short period
  of time.
• These developments are being used in the War on
  Terror.

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Any Questions?