Title: Pour mieux comprendre le SCV
1Pour mieux comprendre le SCV
2Analyse Concurrentielle
Organisation Industrielle
Attrait Actuel Futur du marché
élevé
(D)
(A)
faible
forte
On se sert des chaînes de valeur pour
identifier les avantages concurrentiels fournisse
urs clients la nôtre.
Position concurrentielle Actuelle Désiréede
lUAS
Positionnement Concurrentiel
Chaîne de valeur la nôtre celle
des concurrents
3Avantages concurrentiels
- Il sagit des avantages concurrentiels que
possède déjà lentreprise et quil sagira de
maintenir et daméliorer et des avantages
concurrentiels quil faudra développer. - Ce sont ces deux catégories davantages
concurrentiels qui lui permettront de suivre la
trajectoire stratégique indiquée dans la matrice.
4Competitive Advantage
A firm has a competitive advantage when it
outperforms (i.e., earns higher rates of
profitability than) competitors who sell in the
same market. We define competitive advantage
more precisely than it is defined in traditional
strategic management literature. This definition
emphasizes that a firm has a competitive
advantage if it is able to reap higher profits
than other firms in the industry are, whereas
other definitions emphasize the ability of a firm
to distinguish its products in the eyes of
consumers.
5Consumer Surplus and Value Created
- In a given transaction
- Value Created (Buyers Perceived Benefit
Price) (Price Cost) - Consumer surplus Profit
- (B - P) (P - C)
- B C
- B reflects the value consumers derive from
consuming the product less any costs - (other than purchase price) of acquiring, using
or maintaining the product. - Thus, it is the maximum amount consumers are
willing to pay for the product. - B - P is the net benefit from consumption and is
called consumer surplus (synonymous - with delivered value in marketing texts.) Think
of consumers choosing from among firms - offering the same product on the basis of
consumer surplus. - B in relation to C determines the magnitude of
value-created, but the price P determines - how much of the value created is captured by the
firm as profit, P - C, and how much is - captured by consumers as consumer surplus, B - P.
6Consumer Surplus...
Value Created (Buyers Perceived Benefit
Price) (Price Cost) Consumer
surplus Profit (B - P)
(P - C) B C
- Industry structure is a key determinant of P - C,
and, thus, is a key determinant of the - proportion of total surplus captured by firms.
- In general, the level of B is determined by the
attributes of a firms products - (benefit drivers) and the weight that consumers
give to them. - The level of C is determined by a combination of
factors that we refer to as cost drivers. - (e.g. economies of scale, experience, input
prices.) - What is an example of an industry where there is
lots of surplus created, - but not much captured by firms?
- To achieve competitive advantage, a firm must
create more value - than competitors (higher B-C). Why?
7Link between Competitive Advantage and Value
Creation
It is useful to think of competition among firms
as an auction where firms bid for consumers
on the basis of consumer surplus. The firm that
offers the highest consumer surplus will get the
consumers business. If a firm creates more value
-- higher B - C -- than its competitors, this
firm will be able to match consumer surplus bids
of competitors and end up with higher profit on
the sale. This is best illustrated by a
numerical example Firm A Firm B Value
created (B-C) 11 Value created (B-C)
6 If Firm B offers a price that makes CS
(consumer surplus) 4, it gets profit of 2
(Remember, CS profit value created, so
profit value created - CS) If Firm A offers a
price that makes consumer surplus 4, it gets
profit of 7. For both firms to make sales, we
must have consumer surplus parity. When that
happens, Firm A earns a higher profit than Firm
B.
8Une chaîne de valeur
9Chaîne de Valeur...
Porters Value Chain As illustrated the value
chain depicts the firm as a collection of
discrete, value creating activities (inbound
logistics, production operations, outbound
logistics, and marketing and sales) and four
support activities (firm infrastructure
activities, such as finance and accounting, human
resources management, technology development,
and procurement). The value chain is a useful
tool for organizing ones thinking when
considering how different activities within a
firm can help create value. Another way to think
about value creation is to identify the
activities that a firm performs better than its
rivals do. In other words, think about the
distinctive resources and capabilities that a
firm has. Resources are firm-specific
assets that a firm draws upon to help create
value. Examples of resources include patents,
trademarks, human resources with firm-specific
skills, experience, and reputation. Distinctive
capabilities are clusters of activities that a
firm does particularly well in comparison to
other firms (for our purposes, think of these as
synonymous with core competencies).
10Lutilisation dInternet a-t-elle changé quelque
chose?
11Comment Internet peut créer de la valeur
économique?
- Deux facteurs fondamentaux déterminent la
rentabilité - structure de lindustrie
- avantage concurrentiel soutenable
- Rappelez-vous la trajectoire stratégique !
12Plus grand impact dInternet?
- Reconfiguration dindustries existantes.
- Enseignement à distance (vs cours par
correspondance) - Commandes à distance (vs catalogues et sans
frais) - Bien que de nouvelles industries soient apparues.
- Encans en ligne, etc.
13Les 5 forces de Porter
- Quune industrie soit vieille ou nouvelle, son
attrait structurel est déterminé par les forces
sous-jacentes de la concurrence, même si les
fournisseurs, les canaux de distribution, les
produits substituts ou les concurrents changent. - On ne doit toutefois pas généraliser
- Chaque industrie est touchée différemment.
14Comment Internet influence-t-elle la structure de
lindustrie?
- Augmentation du pouvoir des clients (mieux
informés) - Réduction des barrières à lentrée (pas besoin de
forces de ventes ou d accès aux canaux de
distribution) - Création de nouveaux substituts (satisfaction
différente des besoins) - Intensification de la rivalité entre les
concurents (système ouvert techniquement et
géographiquement, coûts variables inférieurs et
coûts fixes supérieurs, doù concurrence féroce
sur les prix)
15D où du bon et du mauvais!
- Du mauvais
- Les concessionnaires automobiles
- Du bon
- Encans Internet (eBay)
- e-wallets (PayPal)
- Outils de consolidation, pages web personnalisées
(OnePage)
16Si la structure de lindustrie est sous pression,
que peut faire lentreprise?
17Obtenir un avantage concurrentiel soutenable
- En opérant à un coût moindre
- ou,
- En vendant à prime
- ou
- Les deux
18On obtient cela de 2 façons
- Lefficacité opérationnelle
- Avec Internet et Best Practice , il est
difficile d obtenir une efficacité
opérationnelle supérieure à celle de ses
concurrents (Ex. Les pharmacies CVS nont mis que
60 jours pour passer à Internet) - Le positionnement stratégique
19Le positionnement stratégique Six principes
- Commencer avec le bon objectif Obtenir un
rendement supérieur à long terme sur le capital - La stratégie doit livrer des avantages supérieurs
à ceux des concurrents ( value proposition ) - Une chaîne de valeur distinctive ( Best
Practice ne suffit plus) - Des stratégies robustes exigent des
trade-offs - La stratégie doit définir comment toutes les
composantes de lentreprise se renforcent
mutuellement pour rendre la stratégie difficile à
imiter - De la continuité dans la direction stratégique