Analogies

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Analogies

• GRE Verbal Section
• Four or Five non-optional test sections
• Two analytical writing
• One verbal
• One quantitative
• Optional one pre-test
• Approximately 30 minutes
• Approximately 30 Questions
• Analogies (7)
• Antonyms (9)
• Sentence Completions (6)
• Reading Comprehension (8)
• 2 short passages with 2-3 questions each
• 1 long passage with 3-4 questions each

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Directions for Analogies

• Analogies Directions
• In each of the following questions, a related
  pair of words or phrases is followed by five
  lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the
  lettered pair that best expresses a relationship
  similar to that expressed in the original pair.

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What is tested - Analogy

• Parallel that is drawn between two different, but
  sufficiently similar, events, situations, or
  circumstances.
• Draw a parallel between one pair of words and
  another pair of words.

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Format - Analogy

• Mathematical Proportion
• stands for is to
• stands for as
• Example
• MANBOY WOMAN GIRL
• MAN is to BOY as WOMAN is to GIRL.

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Analogy Dictionary Definition

• CRINGE FEAR yawn boredom
• CRINGE is to FEAR as yawn is to boredom
• Dictionary Meanings of Words
• Cringe to draw back, as when afraid
• Yawn to open the mouth wide and inhale
  involuntarily as a result of fatigue or boredom
• Cringe is a sign of Fear Yawn is a sign of
  boredom

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Analogy Tight Connection

• Analogies Must be Tight
• Eliminate any answer choices that do not
  demonstrate a tight analogy with the stem pair.
• BACHELOR MARRIED

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Analogy 3 Facts

• What Makes an analogy difficult
• The level of the vocabulary
• Type of Relationship
• Some analogy relationships are concrete.
• HINT
• Look up every word you do not know when working
  through Analogies, Antonyms, Sentence
  Completions exercises
• Study GRE Word Parts List and Vocabulary List in
  the GRE Textbook, Appendix A

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Analogy

• Examples of difficulty based on vocabulary
• A HIVE is a home for BEES, just as a barn is a
  home for cows.
• An APIARY is used to house BEES, just as a barn
  is used to house cows.

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Analogy

• Parts of Speech
• All analogies are constructed using nouns,
  adjectives, and occasionally verbs.
• Common Grammatical Forms
• NOUN NOUN
• noun noun
• noun noun
• noun noun
• noun noun
• noun noun

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Analogy

• Common Grammatical Forms
• ADJECTIVE NOUN
• adjective noun
• adjective noun
• adjective noun
• adjective noun
• adjective noun

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Analogy

• HINT
• The common types of Analogies, that all Analogies
  are constructed using nouns, adjectives, and
  occasionally verbs.
• The answer choices will reflect the grammatical
  structure of the capitalized pair of words.

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Analogy

• Look to the parts of speech for clues
• Remember that the parts of speech of the choices
  will always reflect those of the capitalized
  words.
• Knowing what the parts of speech are in the
  question stem and the answer choices will help
  determine concrete relationships between the tow
  capitalized words in the questions stem.

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Analogy

• Resolve any ambiguity about parts of speech by
  looking at the answer choices. The parts of
  speech of the answer choices must be parallel to
  those of the capitalized words.
• PLANT FERTILIZER
• Is plant a noun or a verb?

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Analogy

• Why answer choices are wrong
• Answer choice expresses a relationship that is
  not parallel to the connection between the
  capitalized words.
• Answer choice expresses no tight relationship at
  all. These are non-answers and may be
  eliminated even if you dont know the
  relationship in the question stem.

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Analogy

• BOASTVANITY
• gloat satisfaction
• write novel
• primp humility
• apologize profit
• mail photograph
• To BOAST is a sign of VANITY

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Strategy for Analogies

• Create a diagnostic sentence from the question
  stem
• Formulate a Diagnostic Sentence (DXS) that
  expresses the connection between the two
  capitalized words. Test each answer choice to
  find the pair of words that best fits the
  sentence.

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Strategy for Analogies

• Eliminate All Non-Answers
• Eliminate non-answers by testing them in the
  diagnostic sentence created from the words in the
  analogy questions stem. This is an important part
  of your basic Analogies strategy.

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ECSTASYPLEASURE

• Step 1 - Formulate your diagnostic sentence.
• DXS . is extreme .
• Step 2 Test each answer choices in the
  diagnostic sentence.
• hatred affection
• condemnation approval
• rage anger
• difficulty understanding
• privacy invasion

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ACIDENTAL INTENTION

• DXS Something that is is done without
• voluntary requirement
• anticipated performance
• interesting feeling
• practical knowledge
• insane correction

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Common Types of Analogies

• Defining Characteristic
• WISDOM SAGE
• A SAGE is a person of great WISDOM.
• Lack of Defining Characteristic
• RAIN DROUGHT
• Lack of RAIN is a defining characteristic of
  DROUGHT

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Common Types of Analogies

• Type of
• ANGER EMOTION
• In this connection, the first word in the pair is
  a specific kind or type of the second word.
• Part of
• LETTER ALPHABET
• This connection is simply that a part to whole.
  The first word is a part of the second , or vice
  versa.

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Common Types of Analogies

• Place for
• CLINIC NURSE
• With this sort of analogy, the second word
  indicates where you would find the person or
  thing referred to by the first word, or vice
  versa.
• Degree
• MOUNTAIN HILL
• Some analogy words are connected by a
  relationship of degree.

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Common Types of Analogies

• Tools
• SCALPEL SURGEON
• Some analogies are based upon the connection
  between a person and the tool that a person uses
  or upon a tool and the results that it achieves.
• Sign of
• TREMBLING FEAR
• In this sort of analogy, the first word is a sign
  of the second, or vice versa.

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Common Types of Analogies

• Sequence
• ENGAGEMENT MARRIAGE
• In this type of connection, one event follows
  another, either as a matter logic or sequence, or
  as cause and effect.
• We also include in this category Analogies in
  which one event prevents or interrupts another.

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Common Types of Analogies

• Spurious Form of
• BRAVADO BRAVERY
• In this type of analogy, one word is a spurious
  or defective form of the other.

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Additional Strategies

• Tinker with Diagnostic Sentences
• When necessary, change the wording of your DXS
  and /or change the parts of speech of the analogy
  words. But remember when tinkering, be
  consistent.
• Fine Tune the Diagnostic Sentences
• You may find the first diagnostic sentence is
  satisfied by more than one answer choice. For
  these cases, you will have to fine-tune your
  DXS.

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Additional Strategies

• Tough Calls
• To find weaknesses in an answer choice, change
  the answer choice. If improved, it was not
  correct in its original form.
• Shooting in the Dark
• Draw conclusions from limited information.
  Eliminate any answer choices that do not express
  a tight connection. If left with more than one
  possible answer choice, pick one and move on.