Energy, Biomass

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Energy, Biomass Community Survival
Roger Taylor State, Local Tribal
Deployment National Renewable Energy
Laboratory Southeast Alaska Wood Energy
Workshop Sitka, AK October 29, 2008
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Major DOE National Laboratories
?
Pacific Northwest
?
INEL
?
?
Brookhaven
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Argonne
Lawrence Berkeley
?
?
?
?
NETL
Lawrence Livermore
?
Oak Ridge
?
Los Alamos
Sandia
?
? Defense Program Labs ? Office of Science
Labs ? Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Lab ? Environmental Management Lab ? Fossil
Energy Lab
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TEP Project Awards 2002 - 2008
First Steps 34
Feasibility - 51
Samish
Makah (2)
Development - 8
Upper Skagit
Total Projects - 93
Tulalip
Colville
Aroostook
Quinault
Ft. Peck (2)
Turtle Mtn.
Blackfeet
Flathead
Lac Courte Oreilles
Red Lake (2)
Flathead
Penobscot
Lac du Flambeau
Umatilla
Ft. Belknap
Ft. Berthold
White Earth
Sault Ste. Marie
Warm Springs (4)
Little Traverse
Northern Cheyenne (2)
Smith River (2)
Karuk
Grand Traverse
St. Croix
Yurok (3)
Ft. Bidwell
Lower Brule
Eastern Shoshone Wind River
Seneca (2)
Rosebud
Hoopa Valley
Shoshone Paiute
Winnebago (2)
Robinson
Navajo
Hualapai
Kaw
Jicarilla Apache
Ft. Mojave
Eastern Cherokee
Taos
Ramona
Hopi (2)
Cherokee
Agua Caliente
Morongo
Pawnee
Jemez
Yavapai
Cabazon
Pueblo Laguna
Citizen Potawatomi (2)
Mesa Grande
White Mtn
Viejas
Ft. Sill Apache
Manzanita
Ak-Chin
Augustine/Cahuilla
MS Choctaw
NANA Regional Corp. (3)
Venetie
Fort Yukon
Hughes
YKHC
Kenaitze
Bristol Bay
Sealaska
Pribilof Islands
Port Graham
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DOEs Tribal Energy Program
Website

• Features
• Program Brochure
• Upcoming Workshops
• Financial Opportunities
• Projects on Tribal Lands
• Project Overviews
• Status and Reports
• Contacts
• Information Resources
• Contacts

www.eere.energy.gov/tribalenergy
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DOEs Tribal Energy ProgramGuide to Tribal
Energy Development

• Development Processes
• Strategic Planning
• Options Analysis
• Organizational Development
• Project Development
• Resource Library
• Energy Resources
• Technologies
• Costs
• Risk Factors
• Legal Issues
• Financing Options
• Contacts

www.eere.energy.gov/tribalenergy/guide
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Indigenous renewable energy resources are key to
human survival and future village economies in
Alaska
Diesel-based villages are likely, not sustainable
Small Hydro
Solar
July
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Building Design
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Geothermal Options
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Wind Turbine Sizes and Applications
Small (?10 kW) Homes Farms Remote Applications
(e.g. water pumping, telecom sites, icemaking)
Kotzebue
Intermediate (10-250 kW) Village Power Hybrid
Systems Distributed Power
Large (250 kW 2 MW) Central Station Wind
Farms Distributed Power
St. Paul
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Solar Options
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Small Micro Hydro Power Options
http//hydropower.inl.gov/prospector/
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Biomass Bioenergy Flows
Process Residues
black liquor
sawdust
bark
heat
CHP
Energy
electricity
stalks straws
Services
Bioenergy
harvest residues
forest slash
forest harvest for energy
plantations
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Biomass Energy Pathways
Biological
Biological
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Pretreatment
A/D
Pretreatment
A/D
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Fermentation
(Heat Pressure)
(Heat Pressure)
(Heat Pressure)
(Heat Pressure)
CH
CH
Ethanol
Ethanol
Liquids
4
4
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Thermal
Thermal
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Wood Stove Heating
Seasoned firewood (20 moisture) _at_ 300/cord
(150/ton) 20 MBTU/cord ? high efficiency wood
stove _at_ 77 efficiency 20/MBTU delivered to
home 2.50/gal heating oil
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Commercial-Scale Wood Heating
Green wood chips (50 moisture) _at_ 50/ton 8.6
MBTU/ton in a high efficiency wood boiler _at_ 85
efficiency 7.00/MBTU delivered to building
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Energy Price Comparison
/MBTU 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Integrated Biorefinery Elements
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Range of Biorefinery Concepts
Conversion Processes
Biomass Feedstock

• Trees
• Grasses
• Agricultural Crops
• Residues
• Animal Wastes
• Municipal Solid Waste
• Algae
• Food Oils

• Enzymatic Fermentation
• Gas/liquid Fermentation
• Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation
• Gasification
• Combustion
• Co-firing
• Trans-esterification

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Ethanol is the 1st of Many Possible Biofuels

• Ethanol from grain, sugar, or cellulosic
  material
• Biodiesel transesterified vegetable oils, fats,
  and greases
• Green Diesel vegetable oils, fats, and greases
  converted to diesel by hydroprocessing
• Other Fermentation Products includes butanol,
  acetates, lactates, and other possibilities
• Pyrolysis Liquids low quality liquid made by
  thermal processing (thermal cracking) of
  biomass
• Synthesis Gas for conversion to F-T liquids,
  methanol, dimethyl ether, or mixed alcohols
• Algae-derived Fuels alternative source of
  triglycerides and carbohydrates
• Hydrocarbon Fuels from hydrogenation of biomass
  constituents

Near Term
Long Term
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The 1.3 Billion Ton Biomass Scenario

• Billion Barrel of Oil Equivalents

Based on ORNL USDA Resource Assessment Study by
Perlach et.al. (April 2005) http//www.eere.energy
.gov/biomass/pdfs/final_billionton_vision_report2.
pdf 
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Bioenergy Project Requirements
Energy Markets
High
Long term
Capacity Factor
Agreements
High Availability
Competitive
Prices
Success
Renewable
Competitive
Investment Cost
Feedstock Supply
Conversion
Environment
Economic
Technology
Social
Sustainable Resource
Technically Proven
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Biomass Summary Conclusions

• The only domestic renewable option for liquid
  transportation fuels.
• Resource base is sufficient to supply a large
  fraction of U.S. needs
• A sustainable solution to meet the near-term
  gap expected to be caused by Peak Oil
• On-going RD will create many opportunities
  that extend beyond todays biopower, ethanol, and
  biodiesel facilities

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Human Needs
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We Live in a Changing World
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Where U.S. Energy Consumption Continues to Grow
1850-2000
Non-hydro Renewables
Nuclear
Natural Gas
Hydro
Crude Oil
Wood
Coal
Source 1850-1949, Energy Perspectives A
Presentation of Major Energy and Energy-Related
Data, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1975
1950-2000, Annual Energy Review 2000, Table 1.3.
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Where the global economy is very complex
Resource
Processing
Exploitation
Raw Materials
Manufacturing
Consumption
Waste Heat
After Charles Hall, SUNY Syracuse, ASPO 2005
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140/bbl
Increasingly volatile, increasingly upward
77/bbl
60/bbl
10/17/06
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US Lower 48 Oil Discovery Production
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Total U.S. Oil Production
U.S. Oil Production
Big, New Discoveries
New Technology
...only shift the curve
10000 kb/d
AK
DW
5000 kb/d
Lower 48
2008
1930
2050
0 kb/d
Lower 48
Alaska
Deepwater
Source Tom Petrie at Denver World Oil Conference
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The Age of Oil
Peak Oil Graph from ASPO.com - Colin Campbell
2004
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75 Petroleum (assuming electric Irrigation)
Earth Policy Institute from USDA DOE data
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Three Great Challenges of the 21st Century

• Energy, Climate, Food

Its time to change direction
The Perfect Storm
SS Global Economy