Historical Perspective of Motivation

1
Historical Perspective of Motivation

• Philosophical Origins
• Ancient Greeks - Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
• Desires of the body
• Pleasures and pains of the senses
• Reason of the will

2
Historical Perspective of Motivation

• Renaissance Era
• Thomas Aquinas
• Passions of the body
• Reason of the mind

3
The Emergence of the Grand Theories

• Descartes
• Will
• excited by passion, pain or pleasure, but always
  the direct cause of motivation

4
Instinct as a Grand Theory

• Darwin
• rose from his Theory of Evolution
• James McDougall
• expanded on Darwins work popularized Instinct
  as a theory of motivation
• Contemporary Instinct Theory
• Instinct exists, but it doesnt explain all
  behavior

5
Hulls Drive Theory

• Drive - the pooled physiological needs of a
  person (D)
• Habit - learning outcome (H)
• Incentive - valued goal object (K)
• Excitatory Potential - strength of behavior (E)
• EHDK

6
Assumptions of Drive Theory

• Drive emerged from physiological needs.
• Drive reduction was reinforcing and produced
  learning.
• Drive energized behavior.

7
The Minitheories

• Contributing factors
• Nature of the person
• Cognitive Revolution
• Applied, socially relevant research
• Some Examples
• Achievement Motivation theory
• Expectancy x value theory
• Intrinsic motivation
• Goal-setting theory
• Self-efficacy theory

8
Contemporary Motivation Study

• Physiological Motivation
• Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation
• Cognitive Motivation
• Individual Differences
• The Emotions