Defining Network Protocols

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Defining Network Protocols

• Introduction to Protocols
• TCP/IP
• NetWare Protocols
• Other Common Protocols

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Introduction to Protocols

• Function of Protocols
• Protocols in a Layered Architecture
• Implementing and Removing Protocols

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How Protocols Work

• Sender Protocols
• Break data into packets
• Add addressing information
• Prepare data for transmission through the NIC and
  out onto the network cable
• Receiver Protocols
• Take data packets off the cable
• Bring data packets into the computer through the
  NIC
• Strip data packets of transmitting information
  added by sender
• Copy data packets to a buffer
• Pass reassembled data to the application in a
  usable form

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The OSI Model
Layers of Protocols
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Standard Stacks

• Most important models include
• ISO/OSI protocol suite
• IBM Systems Network Architecture (SNA)
• Digital DECnet
• Novell NetWare
• AppleTalk
• Internet protocol suite TCP/IP

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Communication Tasks
OSI Model
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Manufacturer Compatibility
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MAC Driver or NIC Driver
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TCP/IP

• Introduction to TCP/IP
• TCP/IP Standards
• TCP/IP and OSI

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Protocols Written Specifically for TCP/IP

• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Email
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Exchanging Files
• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) Network
  Management

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TCP/IP and OSI

• Four Layers of TCP/IP
• Network Interface Layer
• Internet Layer
• Transport Layer
• Application Layer

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP/IP)

• Three-Way Handshake
• Requestor sends a packet specifying the port
  number and its initial sequence number (ISN) to
  server
• Server acknowledges with its ISN, which consists
  of the requestors ISN, plus 1
• The requester replies with the servers ISN, plus
  1

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NetWare Protocols

• Introduction to NetWare Protocols
• Medium-Access Protocols
• Internetwork Packet Exchange and Sequenced Packet
  Exchange (IPX/SPX)
• Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)
• NetWare Core Protocol (NCP)

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Comparing NetWare and OSI Reference Models
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Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

• RIP packets allow
• Workstations to locate fastest route to a network
  number
• Routers to request routing information to update
  their own tables
• Routers to respond to route requests
• Routers to ensure that all other routers are
  aware of internetwork configurations
• Routers to detect a change in the internetwork
  configuration

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Other Common Protocols

• NetBIOS
• NetBEUI
• X.25 Packet Switching
• XNS
• APPC
• AppleTalk
• OSI Protocol Suite
• DECnet

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Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS)

• Four primary functions
• Name Resolution
• Datagram Service
• Session Service
• NIC/Session Status

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AppleTalk Network
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