ProcedureChapter 5, Rosenthal Next time: Qualitative ResearchChapter 7 Jacqueline

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ProcedureChapter 5, RosenthalNext time
Qualitative ResearchChapter 7 (Jacqueline)
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Standardization
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Standardization Making all aspects of the
experimental procedure the same for all
participants within a particular experimental
condition
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t-test

• t primary (systematic) variance error
  variance

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Reactivity
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Reactivity Unintended effects of the
experimental arrangements upon participants
responses
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Demand Effect
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Demand effect The tendency of research
participants to respond in ways that are intended
to confirm the experimenters hypothesis
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Response Set
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Response set Preexisting, biased form of
responding that is independent of task content
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Response Sets

• Yes saying
• No saying
• Switching response
• Choosing last alternative
• Positional preferences

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Instrumentation
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Instrumentation Unintended changes in
experimenters, observers, or measuring
instruments across the course of a study
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Intersubject Communication
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Intersubject communication Unintended and
potentially biasing communication between
research participants
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Experimenter Expectancy Effect (pp. 100-102)
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Experimenter expectancy effect
Self-fulfillingand biasing influence of the
experimentersexpectancies upon the outcomes of
research
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We do not know precisely what changes in the
expecters verbal and nonverbal behavior are
brought about by changed expectations, nor do we
know precisely what elements of these changes are
causal in bringing about the behavior changes we
see in expectees.
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Loss of Participants
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Loss of Participants

• Minimize

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Loss of Participants

• Minimize
• Decide criteria in advance

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Loss of Participants

• Minimize
• Decide criteria in advance
• Reportby group, reasons for