Nutrition Profile in Palestine

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Nutrition Profile in Palestine

• Strategies for Prevention of Micronutrient
  Deficiencies in the Region
• May 23-24 2005 - Olive Tree Hotel
• Jerusalem

Maram Project is funded by USAID
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Nutritional Needs
Nutrition
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Balanced Nutrition Contributes to

• Child survival
• Better education
• Poverty alleviation
• Reproductive health
• Sustained economic growth
• Global equity, stability and prosperity

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Malnutrition Rates
Percent
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Consequences of Malnutrition
deficiency
reduces
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Health Consequences

• Mortality
• Morbidity

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Vulnerable Groups

• Children
• Women

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Micronutrients
Cobalt
Zinc
Vitamin D
Riboflavin
Iodine
Thiamin
Vitamin E
Vitamin B6
Magnesium
Manganese
Iron
Selenium
Vitamin B12
Niacin
Folate
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Phosphorus
Vitamin C
Cobalamin
Chromium
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Hidden Malnutrition

• No obvious signs
• Victims not aware

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Micronutrient Deficiency

• Solutions are
• easy
• inexpensive
• available
• politically feasible

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Vitamin A Deficiency
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Global VAD

• Vitamins and minerals deficiencies affected a
  third of the world's people debilitating minds,
  bodies, energies, and economical prospects of
  nations.
• More than 250 millions of children under five
  years are affected by sub-clinical vitamin A
  deficiency.
• Improving vitamin, reduces mortality by an
  average of 23 between 6-59 months of age

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Vitamin A Deficiency

• Lowers immunity
• Affects vision
• Increases incidence and severity of illnesses
• Increases mortality rate
• Increases absenteeism
• Increases economical burden on Palestinian
  families and Government

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Children with Vitamin A Deficiency
Blind 0.5 Million
Exophthalmia 3.1 million

• 23 greater risk of death

Night blind 13.5 million
Inadequate Vitamin A 231 million
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Implications of VAD

• Child Health and Survival
• Education
• Economic Development

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Prevalence of VAD Among Children 12-59 Months In
Palestine
53.9
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Maram,2004
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Vitamin A Deficiency Among Children 12-59 Months
Of Age By Region
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Vitamin A Deficiency Vs Anemia Among Children
Aged 12-59 Months
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Mortality Rate Among Palestinian children
aged6-59 months due to VAD
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• According to global different studies, similar
  proportion of morbidity and infectious diseases
  may be attributed to VAD

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Iron Deficiency Anemia
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What is Iron deficiency Anemia

• Iron deficiency anemia reduces the ability of the
  blood to carry oxygen from the lungs to the
  brain, muscles and other organs.
• Iron is important as trace element in other vital
  functions
• This affects the body ability to do work and the
  brain capacity to think and to learn
• Iron deficiency in young children leads to poor
  school performance and reducing future ability to
  work.

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Causes of iron deficiency anemia

• Inadequate intake of quality and quantity food
  rich in iron
• Low iron bioavailability
• Non-heme iron
• Inhibitors
• Parasitic Infection (loss of blood and iron)
• Diseases

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Types of Anemia
Others
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Iron deficiency
80
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Consequences of anemia

• Decreased productivity
• Affects Intellectual abilities
• Increases morbidity and mortality

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Effects on Infant

• Stillbirth
• Infant death
• Brain damage

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Additional Economic and Social Benefits

• improved health and work capacity
• improved efficiency of education
• reduced health care expenditure
• improved quality of life

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Iron deficiency Reduces...

• Learning ability
• School performance
• Retention rates
• Speech hearing abilities

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Worldwide Prevalence of Anemiain Women 15-49
years old
Percent
ACC/SCN, 1992
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Anemia in Pregnancy
50
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Palestine
Developing Countries
Anemia associated with poor pregnancy outcome
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Prevalence of Anemia Among in Women 15-49 years
old in Selected Neighboring Countries
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Prevelance of Anemia
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Anemia

• Is associated with
• Delayed mental development in infants
• Poorer performance on cognitive tests in older
  children

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anemia

• Reduces
• capacity to think learn
• school retention
• school attendance enrolment

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Effect of Anemia on Productivity

• 1 reduction in productivity for each 1 drop in
  iron status

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Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age

• Increased risk of death for both
• mother and infant

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TARGET GROUPS

• Most Vulnerable Members
• Infants
• Children
• Women of reproductive age

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Solutions and Actions
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Policy Actions

• Fortification
• Basic foods
• widely consumed
• centrally processed
• not changed by addition of iron
• implementation of obligatory fortification of
  flour and voluntary fortified products at the
  private sector.

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Policy Actions Continue.

• Supplementation
• Requires Access to services, Compliance Quality
  services and products
• Reinforcement of the present supplementation of
  vitamin A D syrup for children under one year,
• Assure regular supplementation of Iron
  preparations for most vulnerable groups

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CONCLUSION

• Investment in nutrition would improve
• Infant and child health
• Women Health
• Childrens school performance
• Economic productivity

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• NUTRITION IS KEY TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LET US
• INVEST NOW FOR VISION 2015

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Looking to the Future
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