THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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THECENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

• CNS

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DIVISION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

• CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
• BRAIN
• PROENCEPHALON (FOREBRAIN)
• TELENCEPHALON
• DIENCEPHALON
• MESENCEPHALON (MIDBRAIN)
• RHOMBENCEPHALON (HINDBRAIN)
• METENCEPHALON
• MYELENCEPHALON
• SPINAL CORD

• PERIPHERIAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)
• SOMATIC (SNS)
• NERVES
• GANGLIA
• PLEXUSES
• AUTONOMIC (ANS)
• NERVES
• GANGLIA
• PLEXUSES

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BRAIN DIVISION

• CEREBRUM
• CEREBELLUM
• BRAIN STEM
• DIENCEPHALON
• MESENCEPHALON
• PONS
• MYELENCEPHALON

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DEVELOPMENT OFCNS

• NEURAL PLATE (17th day)
• NEURAL GROOVE neurulation (18-21day)
• NEURAL TUBE CREST (21st day)
• NEUROPORUS ANTERIOR (25th day)
• NEUROPORUS POSTERIOR (28th day)

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HUMAN EMBRYO
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NEURAL PLATE
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NEURAL TUBE CREST
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TUBE CREST
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DEVELOPMENT OF CNS
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DEVELOPMENT OF CNS
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BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
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ORIGIN OF THE BRAIN
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CEREBRUM-CORTEX

• NEOCORTEX (Cerebral hemisheres)
• 6 layers
• perception, association, reacting
• PALEOCORTEX (Olfactory cortex)
• 3 layers
• smell perception, stereotypical sexual behaviour
• ARCHICORTEX (Hippocampus)
• 2-4 layers
• learning, memorizing

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GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF CNS

• GRAY MATTER
• NEURON BODIES
• DENDRITES
• INITIAL SEGMENT OF AXON (UNMIELINATED)
• PROTOPLASMATIC AND FIBROUS ASTROCYTES
• MICROGLIA
• CAPILARES

• WHITE MATTER
• MIELINATED AXONS
• OLIGODENDROCYTES
• FIBROUS ASTROCYTES
• MICROGLIA
• CAPILARES
• NO ANY NEURON BODIES!

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SCHEDULE OF GRAYWHITE MATTER
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GRAY MATTER
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WHITE MATTER
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GRAYWHITE MATTER LOCALISTAION

• GRAY
• CORTEX OF CEREBRUM AND CEREBELLUM
• BASAL NUCLEI, THALMUS, HYPOTHALMUS
• HORNS AND GRAY COMISSURES OF SPINAL CORD

• WHITE
• TRACTS
• FUNICULES OF SPINAL CORD

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TRANSVERSE SECTION OF BRAIN
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NEOCORTEX

• MOTOR
• SENSORY
• ASSOCIATON

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NEOCORTEX
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NEOCORTEX
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BRODMANNS AREAS
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AREAS OF BRODMANN
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NEOCORTEX

• MOLECULAR
• OUTER GRANULAR
• PYRAMIDAL CELL
• INNER GRANULAR
• GANGLIONIC
• MULTIFORM

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CEREBRUM CORTEX LAYERS
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PYRAMIDAL CELLS
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CEREBELLUM
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CEREBELLARCORTEX

• MOLECULAR LAYER
• PURKINJE CELL LAYER
• GRANULAR LAYER

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CEREBELLUM CORTEX
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PURKINJE CELL
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SPINAL CORD
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SPINAL CORD
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SPINALCORD

• HORNS
• ANTERIOR
• LATERAL
• DORSAL
• GRAY COMMISURA
• FUNICULES
• ANTERIOR
• LATERAL
• POSTERIOR

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MENINGES
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MENINGES

• DURA MATER
• ARACHNOID
• PIA MATER

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CRANIAL MENINGES
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CRANIAL MENINGES
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SPINAL MENINGES
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SPINAL MENINGES
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ARACHNOID PIA MATER
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CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

• FUCTION
• PRODUCTION
• FLOW
• RESORPTION
• COMPOSITION

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CHOROID PLEXUS
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CSF - SECRETION

• CHOROID PLEXUS
• LATERAL, 3-rd AND 4-th VENTRICULES
• losse connective tissue (pia mater)
• fenestrated capillares
• EPENDYMAL CELLS
• cuboidal / collumnar
• ion-transporting

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CHOROID PLEXUS
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CSF

• VOLUMEN 135ml
• DAILY SECRETION 550ml
• FILS VENTRICLES, CENTRAL CANAL, SUBARACHNOIDAL
  AND PERIVASCULAR SPACE
• FUNCTION
• ENVELOPES CNS WITH HYDROSTATIC COAT
• QUICK REGULATION OF ICP (INTRACRANIAL PREASURE)

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CSF - RESORPTION

• ARACHNOID VILLI
• VENAS OF PIA MATTER
• INTO EPINEURUM OF CRANIAL NERVES

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BLOOD-BRAIN BARIER

• FUNCTIONAL DEVICE
• PREVENTS UNCONTROLED PASSAGE OF SUBSTANCES
• PROTECT NEURONS

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BBB

• ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
• TIGHT JUNCTIONS
• ENZYMATIC SYSTEMS
• BASAL MEMBRANE
• PERIVASCULAR SPACE
• MACROPGAGES AND MICROGLIA
• PERIVASCULAR GLIA MEMBRANE
• FOOT-LIKE PROCESSES OF ASTROCYTES

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BBB
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ANS
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ANS
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sANS
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pANS
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ANS