Exercise, Health and Fitness

1
Exercise, Health and Fitness

• Lecture 3
• Physical activity and health

2
Coronary Heart Disease

• Up to 90 of CHD is preventable
• Chance of developing CHD in relation to the
  number of RISK FACTORS
• Risk factors are medical conditions or habits
  which increase danger of CHD.Such as?

3
CHD Risk Factors

• Modifiable
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Sedentary lifestyle

4
Non modifiable factors

• Heredity
• Increasing age
• Being male

5
Other possible factors

• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Stress
• Up to 69 of 12 year olds possess at least one
  modifiable risk factor

6

• Risk of CHD in inactive people is twice that of
  active person
• 1/3 of all CHD and 1/4 of strokes could be
  avoided by appropriate exercise

7
Hypertension

• 19 of the population have high blood pressure
• Risk of CHD is directly related to BP. Each 5mmHg
  reduction in diastolic pressure reduces risk of
  CHD by 16.

8
Osteoporosis

• Decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone
  tissue leading to fragile bones.
• More common in women
• Bone mass developed in childhood
• Bone cells respond to mechanical loading by
  building greater bone mass

9
Obesity

• Caused by positive energy imbalance where energy
  intake exceeds output
• Related costs estimated as 2-4 of the overall
  NHS budget, increasing annually,(Davis 2000)
• 1 in 5 adults overweight
• 1 in 10 under 11s obese

10
Weight categories

• Underweight BMI lt18.5
• Healthy BMI 18.5-24.9
• Over weight-grade 1 BMI 25-29.9
• Obese-grade 2 BMI 30-39.9
• Morbidly obese BMI gt40
• BMI weight kg/height m2

11
Diabetes

• Type 1 - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  (IDDM). Deficiency of insulin
• Type 2 - NIDDM ineffective or impaired insulin
  secretion
• The development of insulin resistance is related
  to weight gain.

12
Cancer

• Some studies indicate that physical activity is
  related to reduced risk of colon cancer. (Surgeon
  General 1996)
• Exercise assists the movement of system
  bi-products
• Assists in weight control

13
Riddoch (1995) and Children

• 15-23 high blood pressure
• 12-25 unfavourable lipid profiles
• 18-34 over fat
• At 15, 16-21 admitted to regular smoking
• 26-34 displayed poor CV fitness
• 24-29 reported little PA in last week
• 16 of 15 year olds exhibited 3 or more risk
  factors

14
Health and Exercise connection

• In adults, physical activity and physical fitness
  levels are strongly inversely related to life
  threatening diseases in particular cardiovascular
  diseases

15
Non contact

• 1. Write a comprehensive list of childrens
  participation motives in PA.
• 2.Define mental, moral and social benefits of
  sport and exercise.
• 3.Lecture 3 worksheet.