A Robust Switched Architecture for Future Internet

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A Robust Switched Architecture for Future Internet

• Presenter Yoshihiro Nozaki
• Rochester Institute of Technology

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Outline
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The Internet is a success !?

• The Internet

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The Internet works but

• We are increasingly facing serious challenges

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The Internet is so complex
1982 DNS as a reaction to the net getting too
large for hosts.txt files.
1980s EGP, RIP, OSPFas reactions to scaling
problems with network size
1994 NAT (Network Address Translator) as a
reaction to shortage of IP addresses
1989 BGP as a reaction to the need for policy
routing
1994 Intserve 1998 Diffserve as a reaction to
QoS
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IP Addressing Scheme
Complexity
A
B
C
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IP Addressing Scheme

• Address allocation without a plan
• Example of network 221.132.0.0 221.132.255.255
• Asia Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC)
  (May/10/2008)

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Internet Routing
NetworkX
NetworkY
network
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Growth of Routing Table size

• BGP table size seen at one router 275,595
  (May/20/2008)
• AS6447 Route-views.Oregon-ix.net

Routing Table size
DATE
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Evolution or Revolution

• How to overcome these limitations?
• Evolutionary approach
• Keep the basic Internet principles unchanged and
  develop patches to solve specific problems
• Revolutionary approach
• Design from clean slate Future Internet
• NSF Future Internet Design (FIND)
• Time to rethink

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Our Approach

• Hierarchical Architecture
• Simple
• Scalable
• Manageable

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A Hierarchical Switched Internet Architecture

• Geographical approach

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Geographical Addressing Scheme

• The well-known, well-proven addressing approach
• Telephone numbering
• Needs
• Flexibility
• Scalability

0-9
0-999
0-999
0-999 ?
????
??????
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Switched Internet (SI) Address

• Three fields
• Bit Controller (BC) which tier level
• Length four states 01 10 11 00
• Address 4, 8, 12 bits 16, 256, or 4096
  switches or hosts
• Scalable dynamic tier level
• Flexible dynamic address size

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How switching is performed?

• Compare SI addresses between source and
  destination

000001
000001
Node A 00010011111
00010011111
00010011111
Destination
0000111121
00000121
00000022111
Node B 0000111121
0000111121
00010011111
Source
Node C 00010022111
00010022111
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Architecture Evaluation
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Network Resiliency

• SwitchBank concept
• Trunk link
• Graph theoretical study

Macro view
Micro view
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Network Resiliency

• Simple Example

Too much?
Enough?
Tier 1
Tier 2
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Optimization

• Three major hierarchies
• Geographical
• ISP
• Domain Name System

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Optimization

• First step
• Geographical and ISP backbone topology in the US
• Constraints
• Distance between SwitchBanks
• Total number of links
• Hops to Tier 1

35 ISPs in the US 244 POPs 1134 links
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Validation via Simulation

• Validate robust and optimized architecture
• Network simulation tool
• OPNET Modeler

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Future direction
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Thank you

• Questions?

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