Feminine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

1
Feminine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

• Czech 403

2
enský rod

• What are the most important parameters?
• Hard vs. soft
• Among soft types,
• -e vs. -Ø
• Among Ø types,
• -e vs. i endings

3
Tvrdé a mekké vzory

• Hard stems can end in
• b, d, f, g, h, ch, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, z
• Hard a kniha
• Hard e v knize
• Hard o kniho!
• Hard u knihu
• Hard y knihy

• Soft stems can end in
• b, c, c, d, j, l, m, n, p, r, s, , t, v, z,
• Soft e ulice
• Soft i v ulici
• Soft e ulice!
• Soft i ulici
• Soft e ulice

4
DLsg, Gpl

• The DLsg form causes the following consonant
  mutations for hard stem nouns dgtd (na rade), tgtt
  (na pate), ngtn (v pekárne), rgtr (o sestre), kgtc
  (o matce), h/ggtz (v knize), chgt (na soe)
• For the soft type in e, there are two possible
  endings for Gpl -Ø and í. The default ending is
  í. Stems ending in ic tend to have Ø ulic.
  Stems ending in yne often have both prítelkyn,
  prítelkyní

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Ø types

• -e endings
• Sg dlan, dlane, dlani, dlan, dlani, dlani, dlaní
• Pl dlane, dlaní, dlaním, dlane, dlaních, dlanemi

• -i endings
• Sg kost, kosti, kosti, kost, kosti, kosti, kostí
• Pl kosti, kostí, kostem, kosti, kostech, kostmi

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Rules of thumb

• Dsg and Lsg are always the same
• knize, rui, dlani, kosti
• Gsg, Npl and Apl are always the same
• knihy, rue, dlane, kosti
• Dpl always ends in m
• knihám, ruím, dlaním, kostem
• Lpl always ends in ch
• knihách, ruích, dlaních, kostech
• Ipl always ends in mi
• knihami, ruemi, dlanemi, kostmi