European Refining in a Low Carbon Economy

1
European Refining in a Low Carbon Economy

• JB Renard
• Head of Europe Region
• BP plc

2
Energy Density of Transport Fuels
40
Diesel
E10
35
Gasoline
Biodiesel
30
Butanol
E85
LPG propane
25
Ethanol
Energy density by volume (MJ/L)  
20
Methanol
15
Natural gas
10
Liquid H2 120MJ/kg
5
Li ion-target
NiCd, NiMH
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Energy density by mass (MJ/kg)  
3
Refining and Mobility
Refining/Transportation mobility ()
4
Low Carbon Transport Aspiration

Conventional Gasoline
200
WTW gm CO2 per km
100
Zero Carbon Electricity
0
10,000
5,000
Purchase cost above standard gasoline car (Euros)
5
Gasoline Pathways
Conventional
200
Advanced
Mild Hybrid
WTW gm CO2 per km
Full Hybrid
100
Plug-in
Zero Carbon Electricity
0
5,000
10,000
Purchase cost above standard gasoline car (Euros)
6
Diesel Pathways
Diesel
Conventional
200
Advanced
Conventional
Advanced
Mild Hybrid
WTW gm CO2 per km
Mild Hybrid
Full Hybrid
Full Hybrid
Plug-in
100
Plug-in
Zero Carbon Electricity
0
5,000
10,000
Purchase cost above standard gasoline car (Euros)
7
Electricity Sourcing
Conventional
Electricity
200
coal
Advanced
Mild Hybrid
WTW gm CO2 per km
Full Hybrid
USA, UK average
100
Plug-in
Zero Carbon Electricity
0
5,000
10,000
Purchase cost above standard gasoline car (Euros)
8
Biofuels
Conventional
Electricity
200
coal
Advanced
Mild Hybrid
WTW gm CO2 per km
Full Hybrid
Plug-in
USA, UK average
100
Zero Carbon Electricity
0
5,000
10,000
Purchase cost above PFI Gasoline car (Euros)
9
Refinery Rationalisation