Exam 3 Comments Word Parts:

1
Exam 3 Comments(Word Parts 33 development,
formation, growth)

• Both -plasia (t) and -trophy (z) were
  accepted
• -plasia usually refers to change in mass due to
  change in number of elements (cells) of the part
  or organ
• -trophy usually refers to change in mass due
  to change in size of elements (cells) of the part
  or organ

2
Exam 3 Comments(Terms 13 Instrumental
visual examination of the abdominal cavity)

• Correct answer was laparoscopy (o), not
  laparoscope (n)
• The suffix y indicates a process (the
  visual examination)

3
Exam 3 Comments(Terms 16 record of the
brains electrical activity)

• Correct answer was electroencephalogram (h),
  not electroencelphalograph (i)
• The suffix -gram refers to the record of
  the results (data) of the test while the suffix
  -graph refers to the instrument used to obtain
  the data.
• When the term graph is not used as a
  suffix but as a stand-alone word it can mean the
  same thing as the suffix -gram

4
CHAPTER 7

• Excretory System
• FEMALE MALE

5
KIDNEY ANATOMY (Macroscopic)
6
KIDNEY ANATOMY (Microscopic)

• Nephron

7
FUNCTIONS OF EXCRETORY SYSTEM

• Excretion net removal of excess solutes and
  water
• Ex/cret/ion to separate out
• ex (L) out
• cretum (L) separate
• Excrertion Filtration Secretion
  Reabsorption

8
FILTRATION

• Filtration to separate particles across a
  porous barrier
• Glomerul/o (L) a ball of yarn a ball
• Glomerulus Filtering unit of the kidney
• ( 106 / kidney)

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SECRETION REABSORPTION
10
INSIDE is OUTSIDE
11
ABSORPTION
12
FILTRATION
13
SECRETION REABSORPTION
14
MICTURITION (URINATION)
15
TERMS(Micturition)

• Micturition to pass (void) urine
• Mictur (L) to pass urine

16
TERMS(Medulla, Cortex)

• Medulla inner portion of the kidney
• Medull (L) marrow, pith
• Cortex outer portion of the kidney
• Cort (L) the bark, shell

17
Combining Forms(Nephr/o)

• Nephr/o (G) the kidney
• Nephron functional unit of the kidney

18
Combining Forms(Cali/o)

• Cali/o (L) a cup
• Calyx (Calix)
• Caliceal pertaining to a calyx

19
Combining Forms(Cyst/o)

• Cyst/o (G) bladder
• 1) Refers to the urinary bladder
• Cystitis inflammation of the
• urinary bladder
• 2) As a stand-alone term, cyst refers
• to any fluid or solid filled pouch on
• any organ or tissue

20
Combining Forms(Cyst/o, cont.)

• Cystostomy To form a temporary opening in
• the bladder to the
  outside
• Stom (G) mouth
• Tom (G) to cut

21
Combining Forms(Vesic/o)

• Vesic/o (L) bladder
• Vesical pertaining to the urinary bladder
• Perivesical around the bladder
• Vesicle a blister (small bladder)

22
Combining Forms(Vesic/o, cont.)

• Vesicoureteral Reflux backing up of urine
  from the bladder to the ureters
• Reflux backward flow
• Re (L) back, again
• Flux (L) flow

23
Combining Forms(Meat/o)

• Meat/o (L) passage (usually the opening
• of a
  tube)
• Urethral meatus opening of the urethra
• to the outside
• Meatal stenosis narrowing of the
• urethral
  meatus
• Sten (G) narrow

24
Combining Forms(Pelv/i, Pyel/o)

• Pelv/i (L) basin (refers to the pelvis)
• Renal pelvis collects final urine
• Pyel/o (G) trough (refers to the pelvis)
• Pyelotomy incision of renal pelvis
• Pyelonephritis inflammation of the renal
• pelvis and
  medulla

25
Combining Forms(Py/o)

• Py/o (G) pus
• Pyuria pus in the urine (o is dropped)
• Pyorrhea a discharge of pus (o is
  retained)
• Compare and Contrast
• Pyel/o, Pelv/i, and Py/o

26
Combining Forms(Trigon/o)

• Trigon/o (G) Triangle
• Trigone Triangular area in posterior wall
• of bladder

27
Combining Forms(Albumin/o)

• Albumin/o (L) the white of an egg
• Albuminuria protein in the urine
• Uro (G) urine

28
Combining Forms(Azot/o)

• Azote (F) nitrogen
• Azotemia abnormal level of blood urea
• 
  nitrogen (BUN)
• A- (G) without - zote (G) life
• (nitrogen) does not support life
• -emia (G) blood

29
Combining Forms(Bacteri/o)

• Bact/o (G) a rod
• Bacteriuria bacteria in the urine

30
Combining Forms(Ket/o, Keton/o)

• Ketone bodies acetone and keto acids
  (acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid)
• Keton from aketon (Ger) from azeton
• (Ger) from acetone (L) vinegar
• vinegar contains acetic acid
• Ketoacidosis Accumulation of acids
  in
• tissues and
  blood
• Ketonuria Ketones in the urine

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Combining Forms(Ketone bodies and Vinegar)

• Keto Acids
• Acetoacidic acid Betahydroxybutyrate acid
• --------------------------------------------------
  ---------
• Acetone Acetic Acid
  (Vinegar)

32
Combining Forms(Lith/o)

• Lith/o (G) a stone
• Nephrolithiasis condition of having
• kidney stones

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SUFFIXES

• -poietin substance that produces
• poie (G) make, to produce
• -in, ine indicating a substance
• Erythropoietin hormone produced by
• the kidney that stimulates
  erythrocyte
• and hemoglobin production