Scaffolding to Success: Multimedia Development

1
Scaffolding to Success Multimedia Development

• Jay Melton
• Prefectural University of Kumamoto

2
Todays Presentation

• Provide support to students through scaffolding
• Examine the steps to creating your own multimedia
  lessons
• Establish a need for the use of multimedia
• Map out the lesson
• Examine the hardware and software necessary
• Take a look at a prototype tutorial
• A volunteer later would be great!

3
Transition from High School to University English
Courses

• Japans Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
  Science and Technology (MEXT)
• Wants more communicative skills in English
  (Yashima, 2002)
• Move from HS to university English courses may be
  difficult (Kawano, 1999)
• Scaffolding can help with this transition

4
Scaffolding

• Based on Vygotskys Zone of Proximal Development
  (Deubel, 2003 Hung, 2002)
• The zone between what can be done independently
  and what can be done with help
• Multimedia can useful for scaffolding (Deubel)

5
Define the Objectives

• Who are you teaching (Morrison, Ross, Kemp,
  2004)?
• Define your objectives (Dick, Carey, Carey,
  2001 Gronlund, 2000 Morrison, et al.)

6
Content

• Determine the content (Friedmann, 2001)
• Keep it manageable (Alessi Trollip, 2001)
• Use
• Storyboards
• Flowcharts
• Scripts

7
Storyboards
8
Flowcharts
9
Assemble Your Tools

• Software
• An authoring system
• PowerPoint?!?!?
• Video
• iMovie/Quicktime Pro
• Audio
• iTunes
• Graphics
• iPhoto
• Preview/Photoshop
• Grab

• Hardware
• Computer
• Rendering issues
• Digital camera
• Video camera
• Microphone
• Dont forget the cables!

10
HCI Considerations

• Human-Computer Interaction
• Should be highly navigable
• Users should not have to figure out what to do
• Users should be able to leave easily
• See my JALTCALL2004 presentation at
  http//jklmelton.net/2004/jaltcall

11
Other Considerations

• Careful planning is necessary
• Make it easy to use (Krug, 2000)
• Test thoroughly (Alessi Trollip, 2001)
• Alpha
• Run it with colleagues
• Beta
• Test it with students

12
An Example

• Tutorial
• Blooms taxonomy (cited in Gronlund, 2000)
• Knowledge
• Comprehension
• Analysis
• A volunteer?

13
References

• Alessi, S. M., Trollip, S. R. (2001).
  Multimedia for learning Methods and development
  (3rd ed.). Needham Heights, MA Allyn Bacon.
• Deubel, P. (2003). An investigation of
  behaviorist and cognitive approaches to
  instructional multimedia design. Journal of
  Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 12(1),
  63-90.
• Dick, W., Carey, L., Carey, J. O. (2001). The
  systematic design of instruction (5th ed.). New
  York Addison-Wesley Educational.
• Friedmann, A. (2001). Writing for visual media.
  Boston Focal.
• Gronlund, N. E. (2000). How to write and use
  instructional objectives (6th ed.). Upper Saddle
  River, NJ Prentice-Hall.
• Hung, D. W. L. (2002). Learning through video
  based narratives within the cultural zone of
  proximal development. International Journal of
  Instructional Media, 29(1), 125-140.

14
References, cont.

• Kawano, M. (1999). Teaching culture in English
  class in Japan. Retrieved November 15, 2004, from
  Northern Territory University, Centre for Studies
  of Language in Education Web site
  http//www.cdu.edu.au/ehs/caesl/staff/kawano/kawan
  o0.html
• Krug, S. (2000). Don't make me think! A common
  sense approach to web usability. Indianapolis,
  IN New Riders.
• Morrison, G. R., Ross, S. M., Kemp, J. E.
  (2004). Designing effective instruction (4th
  ed.). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley Sons.
• Yashima, T. (2002). Willingness to communicate in
  a second language the Japanese EFL context. The
  Modern Language Journal, 86(1), 54-66.