GCSE PE

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GCSE PE

• THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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By the end of this section we should be able to
understand the following

• What makes up the respiratory system
• How the respiratory links to the circulatory
  system
• What the functions of the nasal passage are
• What happens to the lungs when we breathe in and
  out
• How the respiratory system changes during and
  after long periods of exercise

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What does the respiratory system look like?
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Here is another view
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Here are the parts of the respiratory system, can
you put them in order?

• Oxygen in the air
• Alveoli
• Bronchi
• Larynx
• Pharynx
• Trachea
• Nasal cavity
• Bronchiole
• Oxygen in the blood stream

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How do we breathe?

• Breathing in (inspiration)
• Is caused by the intercostal
• Muscles contracting pulling the
• Ribs up and out.
• The Diaphragm contracts and
• Lowers
• These actions result in an
• increase in the volume in the
• Lungs. This sucks air into the
• Lungs.
• Breathing out (expiration)
• Is caused by the diaphragm and intercostal
• Muscles relaxing. Diaphragm goes up
• Ribs come down and inwards.

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The air we breathe in is rich in oxygen, the air
we breathe out contains more carbon dioxide. The
exchange of gases takes place at the alveoli.
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When we exercise our breathing rate increases,
therefore the amount of gaseous exchange also
increases.

• The fitness of our respiratory system can be
  explored by looking at 2 volumes of gas. They
  are
• VITAL CAPACITY
• TIDAL VOLUME

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VITAL CAPACITY IS THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF AIR YOU
CAN BREATHE OUT AFTER 1 INSPIRATION.
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TIDAL VOLUME IS THE AMOUNT OF AIR INSPIRED AND
EXPIRED OUT DURING ONE CYCLE OF BREATHING ( IN
AND OUT LIKE THE TIDE)
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How would a training programme affect your vital
capacity and tidal volume?

• One of the advantages of aerobic exercise is the
  development of more alveolae in the lungs.