Broiler Production Goals Important Numbers

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Broiler Production Goals-Important Numbers-

• VME 4103
• Spring Semester 2008
• Gary D. Butcher, D.V.M., Ph.D.
• University of Florida
• College of Veterinary Medicine

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Standards for the Profitable Broiler

• Set best quality fertile eggs
• Handle eggs properly
• Hold eggs less than three days
• Egg Room
• Proper temperature
• Proper humidity

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Optimum Egg Size

• Critical to have egg cleanliness/minimum egg
  weight
• Minimum egg weight of 50 grams
• If egg shortage- use 45-50 grams eggs
• Set and hatch separately
• Chicks require extra brooding care

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Optimum Egg Size (cont)

• The larger the fertile egg, the larger the
  initial chick weight
• Egg weight converted to chick mass
• Small eggs 68 to 72
• Medium and large eggs 65 to 68
• Less than 60 - dehydrated chick
• Greater than 75 - edematous chick

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Egg Weight and Chick Size According to Breeder Age
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Breeder Performance-40-week Production Cycle-
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Farm Standards-First Week-

• Temperatures not to exceed 900F/320C for whole
  house brooding
• High temperatures dehydrated chicks, ? BW
• Newly hatched chick is 85 water
• Loss of 10 of water dehydrated and weak
• Loss of 20 of water chick dies
• Water-fresh, clean, readily available, ambient
  temperature
• Optimal performance
• 7 day weights 4 times that of day of age wt.

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Achieving Optimal Body Weights

• Good health
• Excellent chick quality
• Sufficient feeder/drinker space
• Water with 4 sugar for dehydrated chicks
• Adequate brooding area for 21 days

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Achieving Optimal Body Weights (Cont)

• Fresh air from time of arrival onto farm
• Temperature management of air/litter
• Superb quality feed with proper texture
• At least 150 grams of feed consumed/chick the
  first seven days of life
• Start with chick size crumble feed

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Broiler Weekly Body Weights
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Average Daily Weight Gain/Week
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Broiler Average Performance at 40 Days of Age
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Hatchery Numbers-Malpositions and Deformities-

• Standards for a normal hatch of 84
• Malpositions-- 1.2 to 1.8 of eggs are unable to
  hatch, should not exceed 2.0
• Deformities-- Average 0.22 to 0.33. Should not
  exceed 0.33

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Hatchery Numbers -Malpositions-
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Hatchery Numbers-Deformities-
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Broiler Performance- Cull Eggs -

• Cull fertile eggs should not exceed 4.0

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Hatchability of Under-grade Eggs Trial
to determine relative hatchability, control hatch
average was 84.5
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Female Broiler Performance from Under-grade Eggs
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Male Broiler Performance from Undergrade Eggs
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Specific Gravity Numbers

• 3-5 solutions needed
• 1.070
• 1.075 0.9 lbs salt/gallon water
• 1.080 1.01 lbs salt/gallon water
• 1.085 1.025 lbs/gallon water
• 1.090
• Confirm specific gravity with hydrometer
• Test eggs at cool room temperature (67F)
• Start with 1.075 solution, then to 1.080,
• Compare with industry standards

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Embryo-diagnosis

• Ideally a 2 step procedure
• Ovoscopy (candling)
• Hatch residue analysis
• Ovoscopy at 9-12 days incubation
• Best used for
• Fertility
• Early dead
• Up-side down
• Shell cracks
• Cull eggs

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Embryo-diagnosis

• Residue analysis at hatch
• Best used for
• Middle mortality
• Late mortality
• Egg quality (culls, shell quality, transfer
  cracks)
• Pips
• Malpositions and deformitiies
• Contamination-molds and bacteria

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Embryo-diagnosis

• Data sheets
• Identification of breeder flock/age
• Flock breed or cross
• Health status
• Machine number
• Storage duration
• Location of tray in machine

• Record
• hatch of lot
• hatch for tray
• total eggs/tray
• of healthy chicks
• of dead chicks
• of second quality chicks
• number of exploders

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Embryo-diagnosis

• Three trays/ breeder farm
• Collect
• Pips remove from shell and ID malposition
• Remaining eggs open and ID as infertile or
  approximate age when died

• Key Developmental Features
• 7-8 days eyes present
• 13-14 days feathers developing
• 15 days all structures have formed

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40 Week Production Cycle
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40 Week Production Cycle

• Peak fertility 97
• Peak hatch of fertiles 93.5

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Lighting Program to ControlSudden Death
Syndrome/Ascites? Spiking Mortality