THE MOON

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THE MOON
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THE SURFACE OF THE MOON

• It has no atmosphere, so a record of all the
  impacts has been preserved
• We know the age of the moon, so by counting the
  of impact craters they can find the rate of
  cratering.
• Knowing the rate of cratering, scientists can use
  the of craters on any body to estimate how old
  the bodys surface is.

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LUNAR ORIGINS

• 3 popular explanations for the moons origins
• 1. The moon was a separate body captured by
  Earths gravity.
• 2. Moon formed at the same time from the same
  materials as the Earth
• 3. The newly formed Earth was spinning so fast
  that a piece flew off became the moon

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LUNAR ORIGINS

• The composition of the Moon was similar to the
  Earths mantle.
• Found through rock samples
• Current Theory
• A large object collided with Earth, while the
  Earth was still forming.
• This was so violent that a chunk of the earths
  mantle was blasted into orbit around the earth to
  form the Moon

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PHASES OF THE MOON

• Within a month it changes from a fully lit circle
  to a thin crescent back to a circle.
• This is a result from its changing position
  relative to the earth and the Sun
• As the moon revolves around the Earth, the amount
  of sunlight on the side of the moon that faces
  the Earth changes

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PHASES OF THE MOON

• New Moon
• Waxing Crescent
• First Quarter
• Waxing Gibbous
• Full Moon
• Waning Gibbous
• Last Quarter
• Waning Crescent

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NEW MOON

• Moon is between the Sun and Earth and is not
  visible in the sky

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WAXING CRESENT

• Lighted area appears to be growing larger
• Right side of the Moon as seen from Earth is
  lighted.

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FIRST QUARTER

• ¼ OF THE WAY AROUND THE EARTH. HALF OF THE MOON
  IS LIGHTED

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WAXING GIBBOUS

• Lighted areas of the moon continues to grow.
• Right side of the Moon as seen from Earth is
  lighted.

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FULL MOON

• Entire lighted side of the Moon is visible from
  Earth

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WANING GIBBOUS

• Lighted area of the Moon appears to be getting
  smaller.
• Left side of the Moon as seen from Earth is
  lighted.

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LAST QUARTER

• ¾ of the way around the Earth.
• Half of the moon is lighted.

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WANING CRESENT

• Lighted area continues to grow smaller.
• Left side of the Moon as seen from Earth is
  lighted.

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Waxing and Waning

• WAXING
• The sunlit fraction we can see is getting LARGER
• Waning-
• The sunlit fraction we can see is getting SMALLER
• The moons period of rotation is the same its
  period of revolution, so on Earth you always see
  the same side of the moon

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How the Moon affects the Tides
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ECLIPSES

• Eclipse
• When the shadow of one celestial body falls on
  another

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SOLAR ECLIPSE

• When the moon comes between the Earth and the Sun
  and the shadow of the moon falls on part of the
  Earth
• Annular eclipse (partial)
• Moon is farther from the Earth
• The disk of the moon does not completely cover
  the disk of the Sun
• Penumbra lighter outer part of a shadow
• Total Solar Eclipse
• The disk of the moon completely covers the disk
  of the sun
• Umbra Darker inner part of a shadow

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Umbra Penumbra
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LUNAR ECLIPSE

• Happens when the Earth comes between the sun and
  the moon and the shadow of Earth falls on the
  moon.
• During a lunar eclipse the Earths atmosphere
  acts like a lens and bends sunlight into the
  Earths shadow.
• Most of the light you see during a lunar eclipse
  is red.

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The Tilted Orbit Of The Moon

• The Moon is tilted about 5 degrees relative to
  the orbit of the Earth around the Sun.
• This is enough to place the moon out of the
  Earths shadow for most full moons and the Earth
  out of the moons shadow for most new moons

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How the tilt affects the seasons
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Seasons

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