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Facts on Reduction of Road Fatalities and
Accidents by
Enforcement Heinz Sodeikat Advisor
to the Board of Robot Visual Systems, JENOPTIK
Germany www.robot.de Chairman ITS Network
Germany


RISKS
SAFETY

BUDGET
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Speed and red light enforcement help to solve
the crisis of Traffic Apocalypse
Improvement in traffic safety
About 1.200.000 people died and 23.000.000 were
injured in traffic accidents in 2002. Annual
growth rate 14
Enforcement
RISKS
SAFETY
Reduction in the number of traffic related
casualties
Death in traffic accidents will be 3rd most
frequent cause of death by 2020 (actual 9)
85 of road fatalities occur in developing
countries

• Reduction of
• cost to society

COSTS
BUDGET
The costs to society in affected countries
accumulate to 2,5 - 3,5 of the gross domestic
product
Increase budget for enforcement. It
soon pays off!
Estimating Road Fatalities, WHO study , 2004
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Speed is the greatest risk factor in road
fatalities. Rune Elvik, Institute of Transport
Economics, Norway

• The effect of deterrence on the drivers speed
  choice depends on the perceived risk of being
• caught, fear of being caught and fear of the
  resulting punishment. Zaal, New Zealand, 1994
• An estimated injury crash reduction of 12 was
  found to be associated with a
• 1 km/h reduction in average speed. Povey, Frith
  and Keali, New Zealand, 2003
• A 1 reduction in average speed leads to
• a 2 reduction in injury accidents, a 3
  reduction in severe injury accidents and a 4
• reduction in fatal accidents. Aarts and van
  Schagen, 2006, based on Nilsson, 1982
• The risk of a driver beeing involved in a fatal
  crash was 35 lower during the month
• after receipt of a speeding ticket. Redelheimer,
  Canada, 2003

Increase budget for speed enforcement.
It saves lives!
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Cost and Benefit Analysis of Traffic Cameras in
the UK

• A 5.3 million investment in speed cameras
  generated a return of
• 5 times this amount, after one year, and more
  than 25 times this amount,
• after five years.
• For traffic light cameras, all areas but three
  achieved a benefit within a
• year of the investment. The return was nearly
  twice the investment after
• one year and twelve times after five years.

Increase budget for enforcement. Great
return on investment!
Source Cost benefit analysis of traffic light
speed cameras Hooke, Knox, Portas Home Office
Police Research Group 1996
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Cost and Benefit Analysis of Traffic Cameras in
the UK

• Accidents fell by 28 at speed camera sites or by
  1.25 accidents per site
• per year.
• Accidents fell by 18 at traffic light camera
  sites or by 0.48 per site per year.
• Speeds were reduced by an average of 4.2 mph per
  site.
• Wider benefits
• The use of cameras released traffic
  officers for other duties. (A saving of just 1
  in traffic officer time could equate to a saving
  of up to 4 million at a national level.)
• Cameras can contribute to the investigation and
  detection of other crime e.g.
• identifying stolen vehicles and those involved
  in other crime or by providing
• information to criminal intelligence units.
• Anecdotal evidence indicated that local
  communities derive a benefit from the knowledge
  that speeds will be reduced and accidents will
  fall.

Increase budget for enforcement. It
has even wider benefits!
Source Cost benefit analysis of traffic light
speed cameras Hooke, Knox, Portas Home Office
Police Research Group 1996
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France

• Accidents were reduced by 31 between 2002 and
  2005.
• Three quarters of this drop could be attributed
  to improved
• speed management based on a new automatic camera
  system.
• The number of vehicles traveling at 10 km/h and
  more above the legal speed limit decreased from
  35 in 2003 to 19 in 2005 across the network.
• The number of vehicles speeding by more than 30
  km/h went down by 80.
• Average Speed decreased by 5 km/h.
• France recorded the greatest reduction in road
  fatalities between 2001-2005 among all European
  countries.

Increased budget for speed enforcement
yielded great results!
Source French Road Safety Observatory 2006
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USA
Photo enforcement reduces crashes and saves
lives!

• Columbus, Ohio after introduction of red light
  cameras the number of red light runners decreased
  by 71 (from March 2006 to August 2006).
  
• Note No rearend crashes during those six
  months.
• Garland,Texas crashes caused by red light
  runners decreased by 56 at intersections with
  cameras.
• Ventura, California crashes caused by red light
  runners decreased by 80 at intersections with
  cameras.
• Washington, D.C. 1 out of 3 motorists were
  found to be speeding at the beginning of the
  photo speed enforcement program in 2001. In 2006,
  the number had dropped to less than 1 out of 55.

Source National Campaign to Stop Red Light
Running. 2007. Focus on Safety A Practical Guide
to Automated Traffic Enforcement. Washington, DC.
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USA

• Oxnard, California
• Significant citywide crash reductions followed
  the introduction of red light cameras
• at 11 of the citys 125 intersections.
• Crash reductions
• - 7 of all accidents
• - 29 of accidents with injuries or fatalities
• - 32 of front into side accidents
• - 68 of front into side accidents with
  injuries or fatalities

Photo enforcement reduces crashes and saves
lives!
Source Status Report, April 2001, Insurance
Institute for Highway Safety
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Australia / New Zealand

• Since 1989, also Victoria/Australia has
  introduced a wide range of enforcement
• strategies as part of an integrated end-to-end
  approach to addressing the fatal
• road toll.
• Enforcement has played a significant role in this
  approach and since
• then, Victorias road toll has reduced by 57
  with a corresponding drop in serious
• injuries of 42.
• Speed cameras were introduced in New Zealand in
  1993. At speed camera sites,
• a 10,9 reduction in crashes was estimated at
  rural sites and a 23 reduction at
• urban sites.

Source Victoria TAC Crash Database
Source Povey, Frith and Keall, Land Transport
Safety Authority, June 2003
Photo enforcement reduces crashes and saves
lives!
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Conclusion

• On a world wide level, speed and red light
  cameras significantly helped to save lives and to
  improve the economy e.g. by reducing post
  accident cost.
• Therefore, the investment soon pays off.
• However, technology must be top of the line,
• otherwise, law suits will prevail.