Common Water Treatment Problems

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Common Water Treatment Problems
Hard Water -Calcium and Magnesium. Soap Scum, and
Scale Build-Up. Iron - Clear (Ferrous), Red
(Ferric), Bacteria Related Iron. Stains
Red Manganese -Similar concerns as Iron, but
usually stains Black. Total Dissolved Solids
(TDS) -Indicates the total amount of dissolved
minerals in the water. This would include the
Hardness, Iron and Sodium, but not Bacteria or
H2S. Bacteria -Microorganisms that multiply and
feed from the elements in water. Can be very
harmful, such as Fecal Coliform, or only an
aesthetic concern like Iron Bacteria. Arsenic
-Now considered one of the poisonous elements in
water. Must remove at very low amounts (0.01
mg/l). Tannins -Decaying vegetation in water.
Gives water a tea colour. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
-In a gas form, and gives a Rotten Egg smell to
the water. Will normally dissipate when exposed
to atmosphere, but can be associated to Bacteria
concerns, and in high enough levels, could be
harmful.
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Water Softener Tannin/Colour Remover
Iron Filter
Control Valve
Control Valve
Direction Of Flow
Brine Line
Resin Tank
Mineral Tank
Regenerate Line
Brine Tank
Drain Line
Pot. Perm. Feeder
Air Gapped Drain
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Reverse Osmosis Systems-When and Where Does It
Fit?

• An RO reduces TDS. The conductivity of the water
  is effected by the TDS in the water. Generally
  speaking, Low TDSLow Minerals and Salts in
  water.
• RO systems are considered a purifier, due to the
  reduction of the TDS, thus bringing water closer
  to its original form, without the elements found
  in TDS.
• Use RO systems when water has taste or smell
  concerns. Use RO water for an health related
  concern.
• An RO should always be the last product in the
  treatment chain, except if an UV is used for post
  RO protection.
• An RO should only be used, whenever possible, on
  clear Microbiological safe water.

Giardia Cryptosporidium Cysts 99.99
Sodium 95 - 99 Nitrate 90
- 99
Arsenic 5 95 -99 Lead
95 - 99
Copper 95 - 99

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5 Stage Reverse Osmosis System
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Ultraviolet Light (UV) Disinfection Systems

• For the disinfection or sterilization of
  microorganisms.
• Specifically, UV affects the DNA structure of a
  Bacteria cell. The sterilized Bacteria can not
  reproduce. Now considered harmless.
• The flow through a UV is critical for effective
  dosage. Flow Control
• The water quality entering the UV MUST be clear,
  or low in Turbidity.
• A sediment cartridge rated _at_ 5 Micron, minimum,
  should always be used to pre treat the water,
  along with appropriate Filtration.
• A UV is always installed after pretreatment
• Often used at the point of entry (POE), a UV is
  more effective installed as close to the point of
  use (POU) as possible.

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UV System

• Flow GPM must be regulated to rating of UV
• Incoming water must be clear in colour
• Maintain constant power to unit
• Use surge protectors

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Chemical Feed Pump Systems

• Two types are most common
• Solenoid/Diaphragm ( Pulsafeeder, LMI,)
• Peristaltic ( Stenner )
• Both styles can be 115V or 230V.
• Both can be on/off or remote controlled.
• Both require attention to chemicals used, and
  sizing requirements.
• Sizing a Pump
• Well Pump GPM x Required Dosage PPM x 1440 /
  Solution Strength PPM Feed Rate in GPD
• Dosage Calculations
• 1 PPM Bleach 1 PPM Iron, 3 PPM Bleach 1 PPM
  H2S,
• Plus add required residual to dosage. ( 0.5 to
  1 PPM)
• Solution Strength
• 5 Bleach 52,500PPM. 12.5 Bleach 125,000PPM.
  
• Choose a pumps max. output that is twice the GPD
  required.
• Rule of thumb for contact time is 20 Minutes.
  Actual pH and temp. of water does have an impact
  on contact time required.

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Non-Chlorinated Outside Service Line. If Required.
Optional Chemical Pump Flow Meter
To Service Line
Contact Tank
Pressure Tank
Check Valve
Multi-Media Filter
Carbon Filter
Injection Point
Chemical Injection Pump, and Solution Tank.
Standard Chlorine Pump System C/W Non-Chlorinated
Outside Service
Well Pump
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To Drinking Water Faucet
Usual Sequence or Placement of Common Filtration
Products
RO System
5 Micron Sediment
Water Softener
Carbon Filter
Multi-Media Filter
Iron Filter
UV
Pressure Tank
Pot.Perm. Feeder
Brine Tank
Well Pump