LANDSAT SATELLITE AND QUICK BIRD SATELLITES

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LANDSAT AND QUICKBIRD SATELLITE by Jwan
Aldoski
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Remotely sensed images or data are acquired by
sensor systems onboard aircraft or spacecraft,
such as Earth observation satellites.
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Digital sensors overview

• Earth Resources Observation System (EROS) was
• initiated in 1966 by the U.S. Department of the
  Interior, placed under the control of USGS.
• Earth Resource Technology Satellite1 (ERTS-1)
  was
• launched in 1972.
• With the launch of the second ERTS satellite in
  1975,
• the program was renamed Landsat.
• Landsat is the oldest land surface data
  acquisition
• system

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Landsat Sensors

• Return beam vidicon (RBV).
• Multispectral Scanner (MSS).
• Thematic Mapper (TM).
• Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM).

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RBV system configuration.
The RBV system consisted of three television-like
cameras aimed to view the same 185 X 185-km
ground area. The nominal ground resolution of the
cameras was about 80 m, and the spectral
sensitivity of each camera was essentially akin
to that of a single layer of colour IR film
0.475 to 0.575 (green), 0.580 to 0.680 (red), and
0.690 to 0.830(near IR)
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MSS configuration.
Spatial 79 x 79 m. Spectral4Bands(green), (red),
(NIR),(NIR) Temporal 18 days on Landsat
1-3 every 16 days on 4-5. Radiometric 6-bits
(0-63 DN range) computer scaled to 7-bits (0-127)
until mid 1970s 8-bits (0-255) since late 1970s
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Thematic Mapper configuration.
Spatial Bands 1-5 and 7 are 30 x 30 m. Band 6 is
120 x 120 m. Spectral 7 bands Temporal
16 days on Landsat 4-5. Radiometric 8-bits.
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Spatial Bands 1-5 and 7 are 30 x 30 m. Band 6
is60 x 60 m. Band 8 is 15 x 15 m. Spectral 8
bands (see next slide) Temporal Repeat
coverage every 16 days. Radiometric 8-bits.
Enhance thematic mapper plus configuration
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LANDSAT-l, -2, AND -3
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General Characteristic of LANDSAT-l, -2, AND -3
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It had butterfly-shaped systems were about 3 m
tall and 1.5 m in diameter. solar panels
extending to about 4 m. The spacecraft was
equipped with a three-camera (RBV) to obtain
visible and near IR photographic images of the
earth,a four-channel (MSS) to obtain radiometric
images of the earth, and a data collection system
(DCS) to collect information from remote.
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Spacecraft orbit of Landsat 1, 2, and 3.

• These satellites had a nominal altitude
  of 917 km (570 miles) 99 orbital inclination,
  which makes them nearly polar and a
  sun-synchronous orbit, which means that the orbit
  plane processes about the Earth at the same
  angular rate that the Earth moves about the Sun.
  This feature enables the spacecraft to cross the
  Equator at the same local time (about 930 to
  1000 a.m.) on the sunlit side of the Earth.

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Typical Landsat1, 2, and -3 daily orbit
pattern.
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Applications of landsat1,2,3

• Generally, they have been used for obtaining
  information on
• Agricultural .
• Forestry resources.
• Geology and mineral resources.
• Hydrology and water resources.
• Geography, cartography.
• Environmental pollution.
• Oceanography and marine resources,

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Landsat-3 RBV image, Cape Canaveral, FL. Scale 1
500,000.
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Landsat (MSS) illustrating population growth in
the Las Vegas
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land use and land cover changes in Ilorin, Nigeria
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Landsat 4,5
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Characteristic of landsat 4,5
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Landsat-4 and -5 observatory configuration.
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LANDSAT-4 AND -5
Landsat 4 and 5 carry both MultiSpectral Scanner
(MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM ), so two types of
image data from the satellite are available.
Satellite Launch Date Sensors Status
Landsat 4 7-16-82 TM and MSS Sensors no longer operational since 7-87
Landsat 5 3-1-84 TM and MSS Operational
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• The satellites orbit at an altitude of 705 km and
  provide a 16-day, 233-orbit cycle with a swath
  overlap that varies from 7 percent at the Equator
  to nearly 84 percent at 81 degrees north or south
  latitude. These satellites also were designed and
  operated to collect data over a 185-km swath.

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Timing of adjacent Landsat-4 or -5 coverage
tracks.
The satellite crosses the equator on the
north-to-south portion of each orbit at 945 A.M.
local sun time. Each orbit takes approximately 99
min, with just over 14.5 orbits being completed
in a day.
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The MSS primarily detect reflected radiation from
the Earth's surface in the visible and
near-infrared (IR) wavelengths.
LANDSAT 4-5 MSS    Resolution
  Band 4 0.50 - 0.60 Green 82.00 Meter
  Band 5 0.60 - 0.70 Red 82.00 Meter
  Band 6 0.70 - 0.80 Near IR 82.00 Meter
  Band 7 0.80 - 1.10 Near IR 82.00 Meter
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TM sensor primarily detect reflected seven
spectral bands provides more radiometric
information than the MSS sensor, Sixteen
detectors for the visible and Mid-IR wavelength
bands which provide 16 scan lines on each active
scan. Four detectors for the Thermal-IR band
provide four scan lines on each active scan..
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Thematic Mapper Spectral Bands application
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Band2
Band 1
band3
band4
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• Appearance of Surface Features in Individual
  Bands and NIR Composite Images

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True Colour
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False-Colour, also called Near Infrared or NIR
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Short-Wavelength Infrared, or SWIR
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Landsat 6,7
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• Characteristic of landsat 6,7

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Landsat 6 The Landsat program realized its
first unsuccessful mission with the October 5,
1993. The ETM incorporated the same seven
spectral bands and the same spatial resolutions
as the TM. The ETM's major improvement over the
TM was the addition of an eighth, "panchromatic"
band operating in the 0.50-to 0.90-,um range with
a spatial resolution of 15 m.
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Landsat 7

• Landsat 7 satellite is equipped with an
  Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM) instrument.
  It is about 14 feet long (4.3 meters) and 9 feet
  (2.8 meters) in diameter. It consists of a
  spacecraft bus.

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• The landsat 7 orbits the Earth at an altitude
  of approximately 438 miles (705 kilometres) with
  a sun-synchronous 98-degree inclination and a
  descending equatorial crossing time of 10 a.m. 

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Enhance thematic mapper plus configuration

• .

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The first image acquired by the Landsat-7 ETM.
Panchromatic band (15 m resolution), Sioux
Falls,SD, April 18, 1999. Scale 1 88,000.
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General applications of landsat

• 1. Agriculture, Forestry, and Range Resources
  Discrimination of vegetative types Crop types,
  Timber types, Range vegetation.  Measurement of
  crop acreage by species (estimating crop yields)
  Measurement of timber acreage and volume by
  species (monitoring forest harvest) 
• 2. Land Use and Mapping
• Classification of land uses, Cartographic
  mapping and map updatingCategorization of land
  capability, Separation of urban and rural
  categories (monitoring urban growth).
• 3. Geology
• Recognition of rock types, Mapping of major
  geologic units, Revising geologic maps,
  Delineation of unconsolidated rock and soils,
  Mapping igneous intrusions, Mapping recent
  volcanic surface deposits

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General applications of landsat

• 4. Water Resources
• Determination of water boundaries and surface
  water area and volume, Mapping of floods and
  flood plains, Determination of areal extent of
  snow and snow boundaries .5. Oceanography and
  Marine Resources
• Detection of living marine organisms,
  Determination of turbidity patterns and
  circulation, Mapping shoreline changes (tracing
  beach erosion),Mapping of shoals and shallow
  areas 6. Environment
• Monitoring surface mining and reclamation,
  Mapping and monitoring of water pollution (e.g.,
  tracing oil spills and pollutants) , Detection of
  air pollution and its effects

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Quick bird satellite
The QuickBird satellite collects both
multi-spectral and panchromatic imagery
concurrently, and 60cm Pan-sharpened composite
products in natural or infrared colours . The
QuickBird satellite provides the largest swath
width, largest on-board storage, and highest
resolution of any currently available commercial
satellite
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QuickBird satellite sensor characteristics
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Quick bird applications

• This satellite is an excellent source of
  environmental data useful for analyses of changes
  in land usage agricultural and forest climates.
  QuickBird's imaging capabilities can be applied
  to a host of industries, including Oil and Gas
  Exploration and production ,   Engineering and
  Construction and environmental studies.

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This image is taken before the earthquake by the
QuickBird satellite on September 30, 2003. 
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his image is taken after the earthquake by the
QuickBird satellite on January 3, 2004. 
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• Thank you