Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete

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Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag An Overview
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What is GGBS?
GGBS stands for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace
Slag. It is a by-product obtained during the
manufacturing of iron in a blast furnace. The
molten slag, which is a by-product, is rapidly
cooled with water to form granules, which are
then ground to a fine powder to produce GGBS.
It is used as a supplementary cementitious
material in concrete.
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Advantages of GGBS

• Here are seven key benefits of using GGBS
  concrete.
• Improved Durability Enhances resistance to
  chemical attacks.
• Increased Strength Contributes to higher
  ultimate strength.
• Reduced Heat of Hydration Lowers the risk of
  thermal cracking.
• Environmental Benefits Reduces CO2 emissions by
  lowering Portland cement demand.
• Better Workability Easier to place and finish.
• Enhanced Aesthetic Quality Lighter and more
  consistent color.
• Cost Savings Lowers maintenance costs over the
  structure's lifetime.

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Improvement in Workability While Using GGBS as
Partial Replacement of Cement
GGBS particles are less water absorptive than OPC
particles. This leads to more availability of
water to lubricate Aggregates. And certainly
this leads to higher workability for the same mix.
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Key Guidelines for Designing a GGBS Concrete Mix

• Target strength First step to design mix is
  establish the required compressive strength.
• Water-cementitious material ratio (w/cm)
  Optimize to achieve desired strength and
  workability.
• Cementitious material content Determine the
  amount of GGBS and Portland cement.
• Coarse aggregate content Calculate the volume
  needed.
• Fine aggregate content Calculate the volume
  required.
• Adjust for workability Use water-reducing
  admixtures if needed.

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Applications of GGBS Concrete-

• Bridges and Highways Ideal for bridge decks and
  highway construction.
• Marine Structures Suitable for docks, harbors,
  and coastal constructions.
• High-Rise Buildings Beneficial for large pours
  in high-rise structures.
• Sewage and Water Treatment Plants Suitable for
  facilities in aggressive environments.
• Foundations and Basements Ideal for underground
  structures.
• Industrial Floors Useful for industrial
  flooring.
• Roads and Pavements Beneficial for road and
  pavement constructions.

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Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag V/S Fly Ash

• GGBS is a by product produced by controlled
  process in Iron refinery. This leads to very
  uniform quality.
• On the other hand fly ash may have variations in
  quality from source to source.
• Fly ash is not a hydraulic material it needs
  activator to get hardened. Whilst GGBS reacts
  with water and yields heat.

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• Use of GGBS Concrete in Real World Projects
• Channel Tunnel of UK/France has successfully used
  GGBS concrete.
• Burj Khalifa is a magnanimous project that use
  GGBS concrete extensively.
• Opera House of Sydney has used GGBS concrete and
  set bench mark.
• The London Olympic Stadium made for 2012 London
  Olympics has extensively
• Used GGBS Concrete.

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GGBS used for Repair and Rehabilitation of Opera
House Sydney
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Price of GGBS Powder GGBS is Available in 25 kg
and 50 kg packets. Some of the Companies that
sell GGBS are JSW India, Tata Dureco, Jindal
Steel, and Astrra. At the time of making this
presentation the price of GGBS in Hyderabad
is Rupees 22,000 per metric ton. (As of 19th
February 2025)
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• REFERENCES-
• Concrete Technology Theory and Practice. M S
  Shetty, S. Chand Publication
• ISBN - 978-8121900034
• 2. Concrete Technology S S Bhavikatti.
  Dreamtech Press
• ISBN - 978-9389447040
• Concrete Technology M L Gambhir, Mc Graw Hill
  Education.
• ISBN - 978-1259062551
• Concrete Technology A M Neville and J J Brooks,
  Pearson Education.
• ISBN - 978-0273732198
• 5. An Experimental Study on Optimum Usage of GGBS
  for Compressive Strength of Concrete
• Cement and Concrete Composites July 2007

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