Health vs Disease

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Health Vs Disease
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Health Vs Disease

• Life Style to Health
• Disease
• The Medical Concepts

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• Death
• Health
• Old age Disease
• Life and Death

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• Cystic Fibrosis
• Hypertension
  Pneumoconioses
• Diabetes Asthma Emphysema
  Infections
• Genetic ------------------------------
  --- Environmental
• Spectrum of Causes
• Of
• Disease Death

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Disease Classification

• Onset Acute Chronic Subacute
• Progress Rapid - Slow Moderate
• Type Genetic Environmental Mixed
• Cause Infectious Non infectious Unknown
• Tmt Response Complete Nil Partial
• Spread Communicable Noncommu Inheritable
• nicable
• Prognosis Reversible Irreversible Life long
• outcome curable fatal disability

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Factors Responsible for Disease occurrence

1. Genetic Inheritance
2. Body constitution
3. Ethnic, social and racial
4. Environmental exposures
5. Infections Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
6. Dietary
7. Life-style habits

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Causes of Death Global Estimate in 1990 (Million)

• Group Developing Developed Total
• countries countries
• I. Infectious, Respir, 16.6 0.7 17.2
• maternal Perinatal
• diseases
• II. NCDs Cancers,
  18.7 9.4 28.1
• CVD, others
• III. Injuries 4.3 0.8 5.1
• Total
  39.6 10.9 50.5
• Global Burden of Dis Study
• Murray Lopez 1997

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Leading Causes of Death (1990)

• Millions
• IHD 6.3
• Cerebrovas dis 4.4
• Lower RTI 4.3
• Diarrhoea dis 2.9
• Perinatal 2.4
• COPD 2.2
• TB 2.0
• Measles 1.0
• Road accidents 1.0
• Lung Cancer 0.9
• Murray Lopez 1997

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Projected Causes of DALYs (in 2020)

• Worldwide Developed Developing
• Regions Regions
• IHD IHD UMD
• Unipolar major CVD RTA
• depression UMD)
• Road traffic accidents UMD IHD
• (RTA)
• Cerebrovasc. dis (CVD) Respir Ca COPD
• COPD RTA CVD
• LRTI Alcohol TB
• TB Osteoarthritis LRTI
• War injuries Dementia CNS War injuries
• degeneration
• Diarrhoeal dis COPD Diarrhoea
• HIV Self inflicted HIV
• injuries
• (Murray Lopez 1997)

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Risk Factors common to major NCDs

• Risk Factor Cardiovascular Diabetes
  Cancer Respiratory
• Smoking v v v v
• Alcohol v ? v ?
• Nutrition v v v v
• Physical inactivity v v v v
• Obesity v v v v
• High B.P. v v - -
• Bl. Glucose v v v
• Bl. Lipids v v v
• Include heart dis, hypertension, stroke
• Include COPD and asthma

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The Health

• Health is a state of physical,
• mental and social well-being
• (WHO)

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Objectives of a healthy life style

• To achieve good health
• To prevent disease, disability and premature
  death
• In presence of disease and disability
• a. Maintain a good quality of life
• b. Cope up with disability
• c. Prolong life
• d. Live (and die) with dignity

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Constituents of Life Style

1. Living standards
2. Psychological and spiritual needs
3. Hobbies and entertainments
4. Diet and nutrition
5. Physical activity
6. Personal habits
7. Presence of disabilities

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Diet and Nutrition

1. Balanced intake of food and food supplements
2. Prevention of obesity, hyperlipidaemias, IHD, CVD
   (etc.)
3. Prevention of cancers Daily use of green
   veg/fruits
4. Control of a disease state Hypertension,
   diabetes, others
5. Treatment of diseases Gout, Coeliac diseases, GI
   Allergies (etc.)

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Physical Activity

1. Maintenance of bodys muscle mass, joint mobility
   and organ function
2. Prevention of mental stress/strain
3. Increase exercise performance, respiratory
   function and endurance
4. Blood circulation to vital organs (Heart, brain,
   muscles etc.)
5. Treatment of neuromuscular and joint disorders
   hypertension, diabetes (etc.)

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Personal Habits

• Tobacco Smoking nonsmoking forms
• Alcohol use
• Other substance abuse

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Tobacco Use Smoking

• Respiratory Diseases
• Ch. Obst Pulm Disease
• Br. Asthma aggravation
• Lung infections / TB
• Interstitial Diseases
• Decreased exercise capacity
• Respiratory Cancers
• Ischaemic heart disease
• Cerebrovasc dis. / Stroke
• Cancers Lung, Mouth, Larynx, Food-pipe,
• Stomach, Bladder, Kidneys
• 5. Effects during pregnancy
• 6. Peripheral vessel disease
• 7. Miscellaneous

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Non-chewing Tobacco

• Local effects
• Leukoplakia of cheeks
• Cancers of mouth, cheeks, tongue, jaws, food-pipe
• Systemic effects (after absorption in blood)
• Passive Smoking (ETS)
• Children Cancers
• Spouses COPD/Asthma
• Colleagues IHD/angina
• Infections
• Others

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Alcoholism

• Acute
• 1. Alcohol intoxication
• 2. Accidents/Injuries
• Chronic
• 1. Cirrhosis of liver
• 2. Fatty liver
• 3. Ch. Pancreatitis
• 4. Cardiomyopathy
• 5. Encephalopathy/Early dementia

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SUMMARY

• Healthy Life-Style
• Total avoidance of Tobacco
• Adequate physical activity/exercise
• Daily use of fresh green vegetables and fruits
• Avoiding fatty diets, sugars, alcohol, salts
• Mental and spiritual reinforcement

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