Neural Stem Cells : All You Need to Know - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Neural Stem Cells : All You Need to Know

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Neural stem cells are undifferentiated, self-renewing and multipotent cells. They have the ability to differentiate into neuronal neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. They are found in abundance throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Neural stem cell transplantation can help repair and replenish damaged oligodendrocytes, as well as other brain tissue – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Neural Stem Cells : All You Need to Know


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What are Neural Stem Cells?
  • Neural stem cells are undifferentiated,
    self-renewing and multipotent cells. They have
    the ability to differentiate into neuronal
    neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. They
    are found in abundance throughout the central
    nervous system (CNS).
  • Neural stem cell transplantation can help repair
    and replenish damaged oligodendrocytes, as well
    as other brain tissue.

3
Why are Oligodendrocytes important?
  • Oligodendrocytes produce brain tissue (myelin)
    and have the ability to self-renew.
  • They play an integral role in neuronal
    communication (relaying of messages) through a
    process known as myelination.
  • If oligodendrocytes sustain any kind of injury or
    damage, it can lead to a potentially
    life-threatening situation. Demyelination, a
    result of this damage, can cause motor and
    cognitive impairment.

4
Types of Neural Stem Cells
  • There are two types of neural stem cells found in
    the CNS. They are
  • Neural Tube Epithelial Cells
  • Neural Precursor Cells

5
Neural Tube Epithelial Cells (NTECs)
  • The neural tube gives rise to the brain and
    spinal cord.
  • NTECs line the neural tube during embryonic
    development. They play a vital role in the
    healthy functioning of the nervous system. They
    exist only in the embryonic stage, and
    generate/make way for two types of neurons
  • Radial glial neurons These can simultaneously
    produce glial cells and/or neuronal precursor
    cells. The primary function of these neurons is
    to complete the basic nervous tissue in the
    nucleus and cortex of the brain, a part of
    childhood development.
  • Neuroblasts These are the main neural stem cells
    in the adult body. They can divide and produce
    neural precursor cells, glial cells, and neurons.

6
Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs)
  • These are typically a mixed population of neural
    stem cells and progenitor cells.
  • They are undifferentiated cells.
  • NPCs are found in both embryonic and adult
    brains, and can differentiate into neurons,
    astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. They help in
    the process of neurogenesis (formation and repair
    of neural tissues).
  • NPCs are important for brain development, and
    cognitive function.
  • They can be used for therapeutic applications,
    such as treating neurological conditions and
    injuries.

7
Functions of Neural Stem Cells
  • The following are the functions of neural stem
    cells
  • They support the growth and development of the
    entire nervous system
  • They repair or replace damaged nerve tissue and
    neurons during illness
  • This is why neural stem cell transplantation may
    be prescribed to treat certain neurological
    conditions, particularly those affecting the CNS.

8
Treating Stroke with Neural Stem Cells
  • Neural stem cells may be used to treat patients
    suffering post-stroke complications. There are
    two approaches that can support a patient They
    are
  • Endogenous Approach
  • Exogenous Approach

9
Endogenous Approach
  • Adult NSCs that are present in the patients own
    body are stimulated to activate and differentiate
    within the damaged areas of the brain.
  • Neurotrophic factors, small molecules, and other
    therapeutic interventions are harnessed to create
    a microenvironment conducive to neural stem cell
    activation and neurogenesis.

10
Exogenous Approach
  • NSCs may be extracted from various sources, such
    as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem
    cells, or adult neural stem cells. The cultured
    NSCs are transplanted into the regions of the
    brain affected by stroke. They have the
    capability to differentiate into neurons and
    support cells, replacing damaged or lost tissue.
    This approach aims to enhance neural repair,
    modulate inflammation, and promote functional
    recovery after a stroke.

11
Treating Parkinsons with Neural Stem Cells
  • It involves replenishing damaged or lost
    dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
  • When transplanted into the affected brain
    regions, NSCs differentiate into
    dopamine-producing neurons, restoring the
    neurotransmitter balance.
  • This can considerably reduce tremor, which is a
    classic sign of Parkinsons and slow down the
    progression of the disease.

12
Regenerative Rehabilitation at Plexus
  • At Plexus Bangalore and Hyderabad, we offer
    customized regenerative rehabilitation programs
    for stroke, Parkinsons, and other neurological
    and neurodegenerative disorders. Our programs
    involve a combination of stem cell therapy,
    occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech
    and language therapy, cognitive rehabilitation
    therapy, and so on.
  • To know more, reach out to us today.
  • WhatsApp 91 89048 42087
  • Call 91 78159 64668 (Hyderabad) 91 82299
    99888 (Bangalore)
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