Mesenchymal Stem Cells vs Embryonic Stem Cells

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What are Stem Cells?

• Stem cells are undifferentiated and unique cells
  with the potential to develop into various
  specialized cell types in the body. They can be
  regarded as the building blocks of the body -
  capable of self-renewal and differentiation.
• Stem cells' ability to repair damaged tissues
  make them essential for growth, tissue
  maintenance, and regeneration. Their versatility
  holds promise in regenerative medicine,
  especially as potential treatments for a range of
  medical conditions, from neurological disorders
  to heart disease.

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Types of Stem Cells

• Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) - Cells derived from
  the inner cell mass of an embryo in its early
  stages of development
• Adult Stem Cells (ASCs) - Undifferentiated cells
  procured from fully developed tissues like the
  brain and bone marrow
• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) -
  Genetically reprogrammed stem cells that exhibit
  ESCs characteristics
• Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) - ASCs with
  anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory,
  self-renewal, cell-division, signaling, and
  differentiation properties
• In the next few slides, we'll help you understand
  the difference between ESCs and MSCs.

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Embryonic Stem Cells

• Embryonic Stem Cells are known as pluripotent
  cells derived from early-stage or unused embryos,
  typically within the first few days of
  development.
• Derived from an IVF procedure
• Derived from the inner cell mass of an embryo in
  its early stages of development
• Typically grown in laboratory conditions
• Have self-renewing potential
• May be used for organ regeneration
• Can differentiate into clinically relevant cell
  types like dopamine neurons, cardiomyocytes, beta
  cells, etc
• Do not have any specific characteristics like
  shape, or gene expression pattern

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Embryonic Stem Cells

• Embryonic Stem Cells can offer insights into
  developmental processes and potential treatments
  for a variety of injuries and disorders.
• Since they differentiate into virtually any cell
  type in the human body, they hold tremendous
  value for scientific research as well as in
  regenerative medicine.
• However, ethical concerns about the procurement
  of ESCs have made their usage in stem cell
  therapy contentious.
• What are these ethical concerns?
• Tap to know more.

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Ban on ESCs in 2001

• Former US President George W. Bush put a ban on
  the funding of research on stem cells derived
  from human embryos. The government called the
  practice unethical because ESCs were derived by
  destroying embryos.
• ESCs are derived from unneeded embryos that are
  created during IVF procedures, much younger than
  14 days.
• In 2009, President Barack Obama lifted the ban.
• Note ESCs do not come from aborted or terminated
  fetuses either.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

• Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can help slow down
  the rate of degeneration caused by various
  degenerative disorders
• First found in the bone marrow
• Capable of making bone, cartilage, neurons and
  even fat cells
• Similar to adult stem cells
• Possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory,
  self-renewal, cell-division, signaling, and
  differentiation properties
• Can divide and develop into many specialized cell
  types in specific organs and/or tissues
• Can become unique stem cell types and create more
  stem cells when cultured in a lab
• Can replace cells that are diseased or damaged
• Potential applications include tissue
  regeneration, slowing down progression of chronic
  disorders

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Sources of MSCs

• Umbilical cord (also known as cord blood cells)
• Bone marrow
• Adipose tissue
• Peripheral blood
• Placental tissue
• Synovial fluid (present in joints)
• Dental pulp
• MSCs may also be derived from endometrial polyps
  and menses blood.

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Differentiation properties of MSCs

• MSCs can differentiate into a variety of cell
  types like -
• Osteoblasts (bone cells)
• Adipocytes (fat cells)
• Chondrocytes (cartilage cells)
• Studies have shown that MSCs also have the
  potential to differentiate into -
• Epithelial cells (found inner and outer surfaces
  of your body)
• Endothelial cells (found in blood vessels)
• Neurocytes (nerve cells)
• Myocytes (muscle cells)
• Cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells)
• Hepatocyte (liver cells)
• Pancreatic cells

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Stem Cell Therapy at Plexus

• We offer rehabilitation programmes featuring stem
  cell therapy for the following conditions
• Stroke
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Parkinsons Disease
• Spinal Cord Injury
• Spinocerebellar Ataxia
• Osteoarthritis
• Autoimmune conditions like Psoriasis
• Neurodevelopmental disorders in children
• Muscular Dystrophies
• Motor Neuron Diseases
• Brachial Plexus Injury

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Stem Cell Therapy at Plexus

• We use cord blood cells and mesenchymal stem
  cells. MSCs are typically sourced from different
  types of tissue such as
• Bone marrow - through a process called bone
  marrow aspiration
• Blood
• Umbilical cord

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Benefits of Stem Cell Therapy at Plexus

• Enhanced everyday functioning
• Improved quality of life
• Immune system modulation and reduction of
  inflammation
• Prevention of further nerve damage
• Speedy recovery post-procedure
• Non-surgical procedure
• Zero complications and side-effects

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Stem Cell Therapy at Plexus

• Book an appointment with Indias no. 1 stem cell
  specialist, Dr Naeem Sadiq, and his team of
  expert stem cell specialists.
• WhatsApp [phone]
• Call 91 78159 64668 (Hyderabad) 91 82299
  99888 (Bangalore)