Compost

1
Project Four (4) compost preparation

• 1st. Maize Stalk - it is used for aeration. /Air
  circulation
• 2n. Dry Grass - it contains carbon used for
  reaction
• 3rd .Cow Dungs- to add fertility into our
  compost
• 4th.Ash -Used for Reduce Acid
• 5th. Green Vegetation - it has nitrogen used for
  reaction with carbon
• 6th.Top Soils - it contain microorganisms for
  reactions
• 7th. Temperature Indicators - used for processed
  or not
• 8th. Plastic Sheet - used for to reduce
  evaporation
• Nursery work formula
• A, No of Bed given width
• Width of bed width
  of path
• B, No of path given width - No of bed
• Width of path
• C. Row width
• B/n row
• D. plant Length
• D b/n plant
• E. Total plant species D b/n row x D b/n plant
• F. production Area N0 bed x N0 path

2

• 1. If the length of land the width land is 5m
  the calculate the following question-
• A) Number of bed? C) Area of given land? E)
  Productive area?
• B) Number of path? D) Non-product area? F)
  Draws the figure?
• A. N0 bed G.W C .Area L XW
• w bed w path
• B. N0 path G.w - N0 bed D. Production
  Area No bed x No path
• W path
• 2. W4m 5m path 50cm then Calculate Total Area?
  Area of product? On-product area? Area of one
  bed? Write the tools equipment used for this?
• A WXL 4x520m2 B. Production Area No bed x
  No path
• 3.If the area of one land 56.25m2 and the
  distance between row to row plant to plant is
  2.5m then calculate the length ,width, area of
  one plant , number of plant in one row ,total
  plant, number of row ?
• 4.the length and width is 8m 6m respectively
  and the distance between plant to plant 2m the
  distance between row to row is 2m then
  calculate-
• A).Area This Land) .B. Area One Plant? E).Total
  Plant?
• C).Number Of Plant in One Row? D).Number Row?
  F).Number Of Plant In Per hectare?
• A. Area L x w 8mx6m 48m2
• B. Row width 6m 3 row
• D b/n row 2m
• C. Total plant population N0of row xN0of plant
  3x412 Tpp.
• Area one plant db/n row x d b/n plant

3

•  5. If the width land is 1.90m, Length of land
  4.10m and the distance between plant to plant is
  30cm and the distance between row to row75cm
  then use border effect from length 25cm border
  effect from width20cm total plant is
  36plant.DAP 2g for one plant.
• A. Number of row? B. Number of
  plant in one row C.DAP for all plant? D. for one
  row
• Row width
• D b/n row
• 1plant 2grm DAP 36plant
  72grmDAP
• 6. If the length width of one land is 4m 2m
  respectively and the distance b/n plant is 20cm
  and distance b/n row 40cm (fava bean)
• A. Number of row? B. Number of plant in one
  row? C.DAP for all plant? D. for one row
• A. Row width 200cm 5row
• D b/n row 40cm
• 7.given width m length6m the distance between
  plant to plant is 25cm and distance between row
  to row is 50cm then calculate the following
  questions? DAPfor one row30g
• A. Number of row? B. Number of plant in one
  row C.DAP for all plant?
• D. for one row
• 8. Given width2.4m length 10m distance
  between plant row is 50cm 80cm respectively
• A. Number of row? B. Number of plant in
  one row C.DAP for all plant? D. for one row

4

• PROJECT ONE (1) types of seed bed 1, Raised
  seed bed - Advantages - Encourages drainage
• - facilitates easy removal of seedlings without
  damaging their roots.
• Disadvantages - Preparation requires labor and
  additional cost
• Raised 15cm -18 cm /15cm- 20cm high/
• Width Raised seed bed 1m
• Length seed bed 5-10m
• Border Effect 50cm
• Path 60cm
• 2, sunken seed bed - Advantages - conserve
  moisture - reduce evaporation
• Disadvantages of sunken seed beds - requires
  additional labor cost.
• Depth 8cm -10cm /15cm -20cm deep/
• Border Effect 50cm
• Length
• Path 60cm
• 3, Flat Normal seed bed Advantages - Easy to
  prepare -- Low cost of preparation
• Disadvantages - More chance of getting excess
  irrigation water which is always harmful to
  plants.
• - Soil becomes more compact and results in root
  pruning when seedlings are uprooted.
• Border Effect 50cm
• Path 60cm

5
No Materials Use /function/description. Qty Unit
1 Pickaxe It is used for breaking rock or hard ground , for digging the Land 3 No
2 Rake Used for Leveling and clearing the Land 4 No
3 Shovel/ spade Used for moving Earth sands 5 No
4 Watering can Plastic container used for pouring water on plants 2 No
5 String Using for trying together used for faster or pull keep in pace 2 Roll
6 Meter Used for measurement / measuring length and lay outing 3 No
7 Pegs Used for holding things together of point marking a position 12 No
8 Hammer Used for breaking things or hitting nails 4 No
9 Sieve Used for separation of soil from large particle 2 No
10 Traditional Hoe Used for Digging of Land hole or pit 6 No
11 Water Level Used for Leveling the slope 3 No
12 Wheel Barrows Used for Transportation of seed or Materials 2 No
13 Machete Used for cutting d/t grass 5 No
14 Seed The small hard part produced by a plant from which a new plant can grow - Kg
No problem of Land Degradation Cause Of Land Degradation solution of land degradation
1 soil Erosion Deforestation Plantation Re-vegetation
2 Salinity natural and human activity/flooding / soil conservation /add base
3 Land slide Natural activity force of gravity reduce cause effect climate change
4 Climate heating of the earth atmosphere Reducing the emission of greenhouse gas.
6
Project (6) AI Tooand Equipment project seven milk procedure project eight hide skin
1st Glove 2nd Thermo flask - To store worm water 3rd straw cutter 4th sensors- used to cut tip of non-cotton part of semen straw 5th. thermo meter - To measure temperature 6th .liquid nitrogen container- to store semen for long time without loose its quality 7th AI sheath - cover Insemination gun 8th Insemination gun - Used to introduce semen into female reproductive organ 9th Thermometer - To measure temperature 10th semen straws - It is the container of semen 11th AI bag -To carry AI material 1st First calf heifers free of mastitis 2nd Older cows free of mastitis 3rd Cows with history of mastitis but not showing the symptoms 4th Cows with quarters producing abnormal milk Two types of milking systems. Hand milking Machine milking 1st- air drying methods2nd salting A. drying on the ground B .Frame drying or drying by suspensions C. Drying suspension over cords or wire or line drying 2nd- salting Two types of salting A .wet salting B. dry salting Depend on Weather condition Availability of material Location of the tanneries Economic factors
7

• Afforestation
• Area Length x Width
• N0 Row w
• D b/n row
• N0 plant Length
• D b/n plant
• Tpp N0 row x No plant
• Area one plant D b/n row x D b/n plant
• Production Area N0 of bed x N0 of path
• Irrigation formula
• A,, No of Lateral Length of main Line
• Space b/n
  Lateral
• B, No of Emitter Length of Lateral
• Space b/n Emitter
• C, Total Emitter No of Lateral x No of Emitter
• Calculation of Seed Rate
• Seed rate (Kg/ha) Area to be sown X Test wt. of
  seed X100 X 100
• 1000 X
  germination X purity X spacing ( m2)
• Other Benefits of Irrigation