IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOD RESOURCES (part 1)

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Biology Chapter 15 Improvement in Food
Resources

• TOPICS
• INTRODUCTION
• IMPROVEMENT IN CROP YIELDS
  
• CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT

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• INTRODUCTION
• Why is food important?
• Food supplies
• proteins,
• carbohydrates,
• fats,
• vitamins and
• minerals,
• which we require for
• body development,
• growth and
• health

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• Which are the sources of food?
• Plants and animals i.e. agriculture and animal
  husbandry.
• Why is there an increased food demand?
• Since India is a densely populated country and
  heavily cultivated
• What is the solution for this problem?
• The solution is to improve the efficiency of food
  production in order to satisfy the hunger.

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What were the previous efforts made to increase
food production in India? green revolution and
white revolution What is green revolution?
It is associated with increased agriculture
production using modern techniques It
contributed to increased food-grain production.
Who is the father of green revolution in India?
Dr. MS Swaminathan
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• What is white revolution?
• Increased milk production using better and
  efficient techniques in animal husbandry
• Padma Vibhushan Dr Varghese Kurian, 'Father of
  White Revolution in India.

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• What are the impacts of these revolutions?
• There are both positive and negative effects.
• On the brighter side, it improved food production
• On the downside it caused overconsumption of
  natural resources which in the long run is
  damaging our environment.

Hence There Is A Need For Sustainable Practices
In Agriculture And Animal Husbandry.
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What is this chapter dealing with? This unit
focuses on different methods to increase the
yields of crops and livestock to ensure enhanced
food production. Why is this important? To
combat the problem of hunger. Why scientific
methods are adopted in agriculture? To obtain
high yields and for sustained livelihood.
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Improvement in Crop Yields

• How increase in the production of food grains is
  achieved?
• The first is the choice of seeds for planting.
• The second is the nurturing of the crop plants.
• The third is the protection of the growing and
  harvested crops from loss.
• Thus, the major groups of activities for
  improving crop yields can be classified as

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• Crop variety improvement choice of seeds for
  planting
• Crop production improvement nurturing of the
  crop plants
• Crop protection management protection of the
  growing and harvested crops
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  from loss

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FOOD CROPS
Sl. No. Type of food Source of food What it provides
1. Cereals wheat, rice, maize, millets and sorghum carbohydrate
2. Pulses gram, pea, black gram, green gram, pigeon pea, lentil. protein
3. oil seeds soyabean, ground nut, sesame, castor, mustard, linseed and sunflower fats
4. Vegetables, spices and fruits Carrot, beetroot, spinach, cinnamon, cardamom, banana, apple. vitamins and minerals and small amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
5. Others Meat, fish and egg Protein
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FODDER CROPS

• These crops are used as food for the livestock.
• E.g. Berseem, oats or Sudan grass

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• Why all crops are not available throughout the
  year?
• Different crops require different climatic
  conditions, temperature and photoperiods for
  their growth and completion of their life cycle.
• Hence two seasons for food crops are recognized
  in India.
• Kharif season and Rabi season.
• Crops, which are grown in rainy season, are
  called kharif crops.
• Crops are grown in the winter season are known as
  rabi crops.

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Type of crop Season Month Examples
Kharif crops Rainy season June to October Paddy, soyabean, pigeon pea, maize, cotton, green gram and black gram
Rabi crops Winter season November to April wheat, gram, peas, mustard, linseed
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CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT
CROP PROTECTION MANAGEMENT
CROP PRODUCTION IMPROVEMENT
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CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT

• What do you mean by crop improvement?
• It is an approach in agriculture that aims at
  finding a crop variety which can give a good
  yield.
• What are the characteristics of a good crop
  variety?
• disease resistance
• appropriate response to fertilizers,
• good product quality
• high yields.

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• What are the different methods to improve a crop
  variety?
• Hybridisation
• Genetically modifying (GM) crops
• Hybridization
• refers to crossing between genetically dissimilar
  plants.
• intervarietal - between different varieties
• interspecific - between two different species of
  the same genus
• intergeneric - between different genera

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• b. Genetically modifying (GM) crops
• Introducing a gene that would provide the desired
  characteristic
• Some examples are, BT brinjal, BT cotton, corn,
  mustard, potato.

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• List of the factors for which variety improvement
  is done
• Higher yield
• Improved quality
• Biotic and abiotic resistance
• Change in maturity duration
• Wider adaptability
• Desirable agronomic characteristics

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Thank you