Priyanshi mishra (4)

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Introduction

• Microbes have massive impact on us and our
  environment.
• They are essential in human culture and health,
  and in wastewater treatment serves as valuable
  tool to treat sewage and produce enzymes and
  other bioactive compounds.
• Microorganism mix with water in the activated
  sludge process and meet biodegradable material in
  waste water, which they then consume as food.
• They metabolize the biodegradable organics,
  convert them in the carbon dioxide (CO2), water
  and energy for there growth and reproduction.
• Microbes are present in the treatment vats, grows
  and moves with sewage water.
• The biological treatment system must provide
  these microorganisms with enough oxygen,
  comfortable home, suitable temperature and and
  adequate contact with organic material.

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Microorganism

• Microorganism are present in sewage water
  treatment vats and composing -
• Bacteria,
• Algae,
• Fungi,
• Protozoa,
• Viruses.
• Some used during treatments to remove pollutants
  but finally all will removed and kill.

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Bacteria

• Bacteria at sewage can be classified according to
  their roles.
• These are of two types According to their roles-
  
• Harmful bacteria,
• Beneficial bacteria.

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Beneficial bacteria

• Biofilm forming bacteria are present in the
  system of secondary treatment, consider to be
  beneficial in the removal of organic material.
• This include aerobic bacteria such as Pseudomonas
  zooglea, Chromobactor and flavobacterium and
  anaerobic bacteria such as belellovibrio
  bacteriovores and bracelets anammoxidans.
• Nitrogen removing bacteria such as
  desulfotomacillum and desulfovibrio.
• Bacteria are removed in tertiary treatment of the
  process.

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Harmful bacteria

• Various and broad strain of bacteria can cause
  countless human, plants and animal diseases
  through ingestion of contaminated food and water.
• Bacteria of such capabilities include- E.coli ,
  vibrio cholera, and helicobater pylori.
• These bacteria are present right from the start
  of treatment vats due to their arrival with
  sewage water.
• E.coli strain are removed after biological
  treatment by UV radiation, ozonation and
  chlorination. While vibrio is eradicated by high
  dose.

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Virus

• Enterovirus and rotavirus are excellent indicator
  of humans fecal contamination in wastewater.
• Enteroviruses and rotaviruses are detected in
  sewage using living cells as host due to the fact
  that viruses are intracellular parasite which
  need living cells to be able to replicate.
• These viruses are detrimental to human if
  consumed.
• Life threating diseases such as polio and
  hepatitis-A is caused by enterovirus.
• Life threatening forms of diarrhoea are caused by
  rotavirus.
• Viruses are removed from water through ozonation,
  a process by disinfection.
• Viruses can also be found throughout the process
  of sewage water treatment.

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Protozoa

• Several types of protozoans are present in
  sewage water such as amoeba, ciliates and
  flagellates throughout the process.
• The importance of protozoans in wastewater
  treatment is to maintain a slime layer within the
  system.
• They also play a predator role in removing
  bacteria, other protozoans and several small
  particles .
• Protozoans can be determined to humans if
  ingested, and can contribute to human mortality
  and morbidity.
• Protozoans are removed by the process of dual
  media filtration.
• Larger forms of amoeba eat ciliates and
  flagellates as well as smaller amoeba feed
  primarily on bacteria.

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• Cont..
• Girgardia lamblia is a water borne pathogen found
  in sewage water , enters the water supply through
  contaimination by fecal matter. It is a parasite.
• Cryptosporidium is waterborne pathogenic
  bacterium found in wastewater.

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Algea - cyanobacteria
Members of cyanobacteria are photosynthetic
bacteria. Before their prokaryotic cell
structure was recognized , they were Considered
to be blue green algae. Cyanobacteria may be
found as individual cells (chlorella) or a chain
of cells ( oscillatoria). Some of cyanobacteria
occur in the activated sludge process and may
contribute to settle ability problems.
Examples- Anabena, chlorella, Eugene, and
oscillatoria.
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Fungi

• Saprophytic organism.
• Classification according to mode of reproduction.
  
• Obtain their nourishment from degradation of dead
  organic matter.
• Most fungi are free living and include yeast,
  molds, and Mushrooms .
• In sewage filamentous fungi is found, such as-
  Penicillium, Trichoderma and spiraling.
• Produce phosphatase an enzyme that release
  orthophosphate from phosphorus containing
  compounds, which are readily available phosphorus
  nutrients for bacterial growth and energy
  transfer.

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Cont.

• Yeast
• the presence of large amount of yeast in sewage
  can indicate a low pH, the existence of
  Fermentative conditions, or a severe phosphorus
  deficiency raising the pH above 7 will usually
  make the yeast dissappear.

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