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Arthroscopy
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What is Arthroscopy?

• Arthroscopy is a procedure for diagnosing and
  treating joint problems. A surgeon inserts a
  narrow tube attached to a fiber-optic video
  camera through a small incision about the size
  of a buttonhole.
• Arthroscopy allows the surgeon to see inside your
  joint without making a large incision. Surgeons
  can even repair some types of joint damage during
  arthroscopy, with pencil-thin surgical
  instruments inserted through additional small
  incisions.

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What is Arthroscopy for?

• It is recommended if you have inflammation in a
  joint, injured a joint, or have damaged a joint
  over time.
• Arthroscopy can be done on any joint. Most often,
  its done on the knee, shoulder, elbow, ankle ,
  hip, or wrist.

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Knee Ligament

• There are 4 major ligaments in the knee. The
  ligaments in the knee connect the femur
  (thighbone) to the tibia (shin bone), and include
  the following
• Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)-The ACL is often
  stretched and/or torn during a sudden twisting
  motion (when the feet stay planted one way, but
  the knees turn the other way)
• Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL)-the PCL injury
  usually happens with sudden, direct impact, such
  as in a car accident or during a football tackle.
• Medial collateral ligament (MCL)- Stretch and
  tear injuries to the collateral ligaments are
  usually caused by a blow to the outer side of the
  knee, such as when playing hockey or football.
• Lateral collateral ligament (LCL). Stretch and
  tear injuries to the collateral ligaments are
  usually caused by a blow to the outer side of the
  knee, such as when playing hockey or football

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Knee Meniscuss

• A torn meniscus occurs because of trauma caused
  by forceful twisting or hyper-flexing of the knee
  joint.
• Symptoms of a torn meniscus include knee pain,
  swelling, popping, and giving way.
• The treatment of a meniscus tear depends on its
  severity, location, and underlying disease within
  the knee joint.

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Types of meniscus tear

• Longitudinal tear vertical tear with a
  longitudinal direction in the meniscus, usually
  located in the periphery of the meniscus. The
  longer the tear the unstable it is.
• Horizontal tear horizontal cleavage in the
  meniscal tissue
• Radial tear vertical tear starting in the free
  margin of the meniscal tissue.

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Shoulder Arthroscopy

• Shoulder arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny
  camera called an arthro-scope to examine or
  repair the tissues inside or around the shoulder
  joint. The arthro-scope is inserted through a
  small cut (incision) into the skin.
• Indications
• Diagnostic surgery
• Loose body removal
• Rotator cuff repair or debridement
• Labral/SLAP and instability repair
• Subacromial decompression
• AC joint pathology
• Distal clavicle resection
• Release of suprascapular nerve entrapment
• Release of scar tissue/contractures
• Synovectomy
• Biceps tenotomy/tenodesis

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What is the procedure of arthroscopy?

• A special pencil-thin instrument is inserted
  through a small cut (incision) the size of a
  buttonhole. The arthroscopic tool used has a
  camera lens and a light. It allows them to see
  inside the joint. The camera projects an image of
  the joint onto a screen. The surgeon will fill
  the joint with sterile fluid to widen it so its
  easier to see.
• The surgeon will look inside the joint, diagnose
  the problem, and decide what type of surgery is
  needed, if necessary. If there is a need to
  perform surgery, your surgeon will insert special
  tools through other small incisions called
  portals. Theyll use them to cut, shave, grasp,
  and anchor stitches into bone.

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How long is the recovery period?

• The surgical incisions made during the surgery
  are small. There are some small puncture wounds
  where the arthroscopic tools went inside your
  body. The day after surgery, you may be able to
  remove the surgical bandages and replace them
  with small strips to cover the incisions. The
  doctor will remove non dissolvable stitches after
  a week or 2.
• While the wounds heal, youll have to keep the
  site as dry as possible which means covering them
  with a plastic bag when you take a shower.
• Full joint recovery typically takes several
  weeks. It may take several months to get back to
  normal.
• Rehabilitation or specific exercises can help
  speed your recovery. Your doctor will tell you
  which ones are safe to do.